A1.2.1 DNA as the genetic material of all living organisms Flashcards
What is the universal genetic code?
DNA uses a four-letter alphabet (A, T, G, C) that is identical across all living things.
Why is the universality of the genetic code significant?
It allows genes to be transferred between different species and supports the idea of common ancestry.
What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
Why doesn’t the use of RNA by some viruses contradict DNA as genetic material?
Viruses are not considered living organisms, so they do not contradict DNA being the genetic material of all living things.
What demonstrates biological unity in DNA?
Common chemical structure, universal base-pairing rules, similar replication mechanisms, and shared genetic code.
What are the rungs of the DNA ladder made of?
The rungs are made of base pairs (A-T and G-C) that connect the two strands.
What is the function of RNA in relation to DNA?
RNA is produced from DNA during transcription and is used to create proteins during translation.
What is the significance of DNA’s universal nature?
It makes genetic engineering and comparative genetics possible.
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA consists of two strands wound around each other, forming a double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone and base pairs.
How does DNA serve as a template for life processes?
DNA is used for replication, transcription to RNA, and translation to produce proteins.
What is unique about viruses in relation to genetic material?
Some viruses use RNA instead of DNA and are not considered living organisms.
What is the role of DNA in inheritance?
DNA preserves information across generations, allowing traits to be passed down.
Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
DNA is primarily located in the nucleus, but also in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
How does DNA replicate?
DNA serves as a template to make more DNA during the replication process.
What is the role of genes in DNA?
Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins and determining traits.
What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?
The double helix structure is essential for the stability and function of DNA.
What is the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?
It forms the ‘rails’ of the twisted ladder structure of DNA.
What is the primary function of DNA?
DNA stores instructions for making proteins and contains genes that determine traits.
What is DNA?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the universal instruction manual that every living organism uses to build and maintain itself.
What is an example of DNA’s role in determining traits?
The instructions for eye color are stored in DNA and are used to produce pigment proteins.
