A106 Airport Operations Flashcards
Recognize if an airport is towered or untowered
Has a tower or doesnt, some airports close their tower at night, can change the airspace classification
Visual Runways
have basic markings, # and centerline
Non-precision Instrument
have Threshold marking, aiming points and #
Precision runways
have threshold markings, #, centerlines, touchdown zones, and aiming points
Runway number
corresponds to the direction you will be going on takeoff
Parallel runways
will use L,C,R designation based on the perspective of the pilot approaching
Runway Hold
- Double solid and double dash, Cross double dash, stop at double solid
- Some airports will have runway number before hte hold line as well
- No part of the aircraft can cross the hold line STAY SHORT
Runway Hold on angle to runway
will have a dashed line around centerline to notify of upcoming runway hold
Runway guard lights
Also signal runway hold line
Approach Holding line
Hold line to ensure aircraft not in wake of landing aircraft if taxi way crosses behind runway
ILS Hold Line
Hold line further back for ILS conditions to not block radar signal for landing aircraft
Displaced Threshold marking
Taxi and can begin pushup and takeoff but DO NOT LAND
Relocated Threshold Marking
No takeoff or landing
Blastpad/Stopway Marking
Cant go in it just protects the ground from getting wrecked
Runway Distance Remaining Sign
Single digit, in thousands of feet
Taxiway Markings
- Single solid yellow line used to mark centerline of the taxiway
- Double yellow marks the taxiway edge, don’t cross
- Dashed double yellow marks taxiway edge but you can go over it to perform runup or reach ramp
- FBO indicator sign w/ arrow
Taxiway Location Sign
Taxiways named with letters
Can indicate upcoming intersection (just like google maps lanes)
No entry sign
Dont go here, roads, closed ramps, etc
Taxiway Ending marker
Larger black and yellow sign
Closed Runway / Taxiway
Giant yellow X
Taxiway Holding Position Marking
- Dashed yellow line across taxiway
- Hold if aircraft on taxiway you are approaching as they have right of way, like a yield sign
Non movement Area
Single dashed on outside, solid on inside, you can move inside w/o ATC clearance but to exit you must have clearance. No clearance required to enter
Interpret airport glide slope indicator lights
Vasi and PAPI
VASI
- lights 2 near 2 far
- 4 red, too low, below glide path
- Far red, near white , on glide path 3 deg
- All white, above glidepath
PAPI
- Most accurate
- All white -> too high 3.5 degrees
- 3 white 1 red -> Slightly high 3.2 degrees
- 2 white 2 red -> on glidepath
- 1 white 3 red -> slightly below glidepath 2.8 deg
- 4 red -> low, less than 2.5 degrees
identify and explain airport lighting
airport beacons
airport beacons
- Civilian airports display alternating green and white lights
- Military is White White Green
- If used at airports with Class B,C,D or E during the day, signifies ground vis <3sm or ceiling <1000 ft i.e. no VFR flying
Common wind indicators
wind sock, wind Tee, Tetrahedron
Wind Sock
indicates wind direction and strength by direction of sock and erectness
Wind Tee
indicates wind direction not intensity; can be locked in place to show active runway
Tetrahedron
indicates wind direction not intensity ; can be locked in place to show active runway
Airport Light gun Signals
Steady Green, Flashing Green, Steady Red, Flashing Red, Flashing White, Alternating Green/White
Steady Green
Aircraft on the Ground- Cleared For takeoff
Aircraft in Flight- Cleared to Land
Flashing Green
Aircraft on the Ground- Cleared for Taxi
Aircraft in Flight- Return for Landing
Steady Red
Aircraft on the Ground- STOP
Aircraft in Flight- Give way to other aircraft and keep circling
Flashing Red
Aircraft on the Ground- Taxi clear of runway in use
Aircraft in Flight- Airport unsafe, dont land
Flashing White
Aircraft on the Ground- return to starting point on airport
Aircraft in Flight- not applicable
Alternating Green/Red
Aircraft on the Ground-Exercise Extreme Caution
Aircraft in Flight- Exercise Extreme Caution
Explain notices to Airmen
-Provide most current info available. NOTAM,
NOTAM D, FDC version
NOTAM
Provide most current info available
NOTAM D
Distance disseminated, what you need to know from far out (runway closed, airport closed etc)
FDC VERSION of NOTAM
- flight data center NOTAM
- -Contains reg information such as temporary flight restrictions or an amendment to instrument approach procedures
Identify point in FAA traffic pattern
Departure, Crosswind, downwind, base, final
Departure
Immediately after takeoff, can go direct or 45 deg
Crosswind
-up wind side of turn, pre-downwind
Downwind
- parallel to runway and with the wind
- -Entries are completed on the downwind leg at a 45 deg angle
Base
-Turn perpendicular to runway
Final
-Turn into wind and descend for landing
Basic rules in FAA traffic patterns (Civilian)
- Standard pattern is turns made to the left
- Maintain proper spacing ; 3000’ laterally, 3 min behind large aircraft
- Maintain speed within +- 10 kts, altitude +-100 ft
Identify and describe points along a military overhead pattern
- 180 deg turns
- Downwind
- Report base as rolling into final 180 deg turn
- -Turn is called the Perch
- Entering pattern is done by overflying the runway and then performing a 180 deg turn over the runway to the downwind side while decelerating to pattern speed
Wake turbulence
cause by lift and drag, circular air movement(tornado), rolling vortices off wings create downdraft + induced roll
Explain safe operation when wake turbulence is present
- Fly 3 min behind all heavy and large aircraft (>41,000 lbs)
- 2min behind all small plus aircraft (12,500lbs - 41,000 lbs)
- 1 min behind small helicopters ( <12,500 lbs)
Required Aircraft instruments
TOMATO FLAMES
Tachometer
Oil pressure gauge
Manifold pressure gauge for altitude engine
Altimeter
Temperature gauge for liquid-cooled engine
Oil temperature gauge for air-cooled engine
- Fuel gauge
Landing gear position indicator (if applicable)
Airspeed indicator
Magnetic direction indicator
ELT
Safety belts
