A103 Aerodynamic Principles Flashcards
identify and define basic elements of an airfoil
leading edge, trailing edge, camber
list the four forces acting on an airplane in flight
lift(most important), drag, thrust, weight
weight
opposes lift, downward pull of gravity
lift
upward force
thrust
forward force(engine power) F=M*a
drag
opposes thrust- backward or retarding force
describe ground effect
phenomenon of less induced drag close to ground effected closer to ground. Takeoff/Landing, more noticeable on low wing aircraft
explain aerodynamic stall**
when you exceed the critical angle of attack
explain stall recovery
reduce critical angle of attack, smoothly apply max power, adjust power as needed, recover to lever flight, avoid secondary stall (Max relax roll)
List the aerodynamic forces present at spin entry
stall and yaw, one wing is slightly stalled more than the other.
describe the three axes of rotations
vertical, horizontal, and yaw
Two types of drag
parasite drag, induced
parasite drag
the faster you fly, you exponentially increase parasite drag
three types of parasite drag
Form drag, interference, and skin friction
form drag(physical)
from wake turbulent wake cause by airflow around a structure, also depends on size and shape of structure
interference drag(not part of airplane)
cause by weapons or other additional stuff on airplane
skin friction
roughness of airplane surfaces, rivet heads, or irregularities(bugs/dirt)
induced drag
drag created by the production of lift, inversely proportional to square of speed
total drag L/d max airspeed
parasite +induced
stall recovery
throttle-idle rudder-opposite to spin direction Control stick-ease forward rudder -neutral when rotation stops flaps- cruise control stick- pull to get of of dive
total drag- L/d max airspeed
parasite +induced
stall recovery check list
throttle-idle rudder-opposite to spin direction Control stick-ease forward rudder -neutral when rotation stops flaps- cruise control stick- pull to get of of dive
Longitudinal axis(roll axis)
ailerons
latitudinal axis(pitch)
elevators
yaw axis
yoke or stick
explain how airplanes turn in flight
horizontal component of an airplane cause an airplane to turn. when vertical component of lift equals weight aircraft will neither gain nor lose altitude
define adverse yaw
when rolling into a turn, outside wing produces more lift, induced drag s a product of creation of lift so total drag on that wing increases. Causes yaw toward he outside turn. Use rudder to compensate to correct adverse yaw
define load factor
g forces, feel heavier in turn, pilot input or environment. Increases as angle of bank increases.
load factor and stall speed
Increasing load factor will cause an airplane to stall at a higher speed
list the four turning tendencies in propeller driven aircraft
torque, gyroscopic thrust(right turning tendencies), Pfactor, spiraling slipstream
torque
propeller rotates clockwise, which tends to rotate airplane counterclockwise about the longitudinal axis
identify and define maneuvering speed
Max airspeed you can use full, abrupt control movement without over stressing the airframe
pfactor
uneven angles of attack between ascending and descending blades. unequal thrust cause yaw to the left
spiraling slipstream
slipstream from propeller wraps around fuselage and hits the left vertical fin, cause tail to move right and nose yaw to the left.
