A1 Flashcards
What are the three phyla’s? Latin name?
Phylum: Flatworm (Plathyhelminthes)
Phylum: Roundworms (Nematoda)
Phylum: Segmented worms (Annelida)
flat- plate; round- nie ma co; seg-anal
What classes fall under flatworms (platyhelminthes)? Latin name?
1) Tapeworms (Cestoda)
2) Flukes (Trematoda)
tape- czesc
flu- trauma
What are the 4 types of Cestoda? What phylum?
Cestoda = Tape worm = Flatworm
1) Beef tapeworm (Taeniarhynchus saginatus)
2) Pork tapeworm (Taenia solium)
3) Fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum)
4) Dog tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus)
What is the latin name of the beef tapeworm?
Taeniarhynchus saginatus
tajnie, saggin, cuss
What is the latin name of the pork tapeworm?
Taenia solium
tajnie solarium (swinie)
What is the latin name of the fish tapeworm?
Diphyllobothrium latum
latem, 2 fit in the bathroom
What is the latin name of the dog tapeworm?
Echinococcus granulosus
What is special about the external structure of Taeniarhynchus saginatus? What length does it reach?
Taeniarhynchus saginatus = Beef tapeworm
- scolex: 4 suckers
- tegument (special ‘mitotriche covering’)
- 15-25 uterine branches (in 1 gravid proglottid)
- up to 10m in length
4 titties no hooks,
arm in ass = special covering
What two type of eggs are morphologically indistinguishable?
T. saginata and T. solium
Explain the main features of all Cestoda.
- scolex (head)
- strobilla (body)
- proglottid (1 segment) (immature -> mature -> gravid)
- flat body
- segmented body
- bilatteral symmetry
- well developed muscles
How do cestoda grow?
cestoda = tapeworm
- by adding new proglottids
What is special about the external structure of Taeniarhynchus solium? What length does it reach?
Taeniarhynchus solium = pork tapeworm
- scolex: 4 suckers + circle of hooks
- 5-10 uterine branches (1 gravid proglottid)
- grows up to 5m
swinia sie przyczepi
What is special about the external structure of Diphylloborium latum? What are the larvae called?
Diphylloborium latum = fish tapeworm
- scolex: elongated & spindle shaped, 2 suckers + bothrium=suctorial groove
- proglottids: wider than longer (“broad tapeworm”)
- larvae= coracidia
lato = core memories
bathroom=suck
What is special about the external structure of Echinococcus granulosus? What length does it reach?
Echinococcus granulosus = dog tapeworm
- scolex: 4 suckers + circle of hooks
- smallest tapeworm: 3 proglottids
similar to pork bc jest swinia dla psow
Explain the structure of the tapeworms digestive system.
no digestive system
Explain the structure of the tapeworms respiratory system.
no respiratory system
Explain the structure of the tapeworms circulatory system.
no circulatory system
What type of systems do Cestoda lack?
- respiratory
- digestive
- circulatory
Explain the nervous system of Cestoda.
Cestoda = tapeworm
- CEREBRAL GANGLION: main nerve, scolex
- smaler nerves emanate from the CEREBRAL GANGLION
- motor and sensory innerviation depends on the scolex complexity
- tachnoreceptors (touch)
- chemoreceptors (taste and smell)
- most nerve endings: cirrus, vagina, and genital pore
Explain the excretory system of Cestoda.
- very well developed
- PROTONEPHREDIA
- network of tubules (exterior pore on the surface of the body, and flame cell on the other end)
- bundles of flame cells
- flame cell: long cilia, beating function –> excretes excess water and body waste.
Explain the reproduction system of Cestoda.
- eggs are produced in the oldest proglottids of the tapeworm (gravid proglottids)
- the Cestoda eggs are excreted in feces, and transmitted to intermediate hosts
- HERMAPHRODITES (1+ testes and 1 ovary)
- genital pore (external opening)
- 2 types of fertilization: cross-fertilization and self fertilization (in hosts gut)
What is the name of the larvae of Cestoda?
Diphyllobothrium latum: coracidia
Taenia solium: cysticerci
Explain the life cycle of Taeniarhynchus saginatus. What is the infection called?
Taeniarhynchus saginatus = beef tapeworm
name: TAENIASIS
1) a human is infected by eating raw/undercooked BEEF containing CYSTICERCI.
2) cysticerci attach to gut wall and grow (< 10m) 3 months, small intestine.
3) GRAVID PROGLOTTIDS detach and exit through feces.
4) CATTLE injests proglottids. embryos (oncospheres) emerge from eggs. blood vessel –> skeletal muscle
5) develop into CYSTICERCI in skeletal muscle
6) cysticerci is injested by HUMANS
What is the intermediate and definite host of Taeniarhynchus saginatus? What type of infections do humans exhibit because of it?
intermediate- cattle
definite- humans
- adult: taeniasis
- larvae: does not occur!