A01 gender dysphoria

Question 1

What are the 2 explanations

Answer 1

Psychological

Biological

Question 2

What are the subsections for psychology an explanations

Answer 2

Mental illness

Mother son rels

Question 3

Talk about intro of mental illness

Answer 3

Gender dysphoria is related to mental illness, which is also linked to some childhood trauma or maladaptive upbringing.

Question 4

Who tested mental illness

Answer 4

Coates et al

Question 5

What did Coates et al do and find

Answer 5

Case study on GID boy

Said that gid developed cz it’s a defensive reaction fir boys mothers depression after an abortion

So the trauma may have led to a cross gender fantasy as a means of dealing with anxiety

Question 6

Talk about mother son rel

Who tested it

Answer 6

Stoller

Question 7

What did stoller do and find

Answer 7

Said that gid results from distorted parental attitudes

Indvs with gif displayed overly close mother son rels which may lead to greater female identification and confused gender identity

Question 8

What are the 3 sections for the biological explanations

Answer 8

Mismatch between hormones and genetic sex

Transsexual gene

The brain sec theory of transsexualism

Environmental effects

Question 9

Talk about mismatch between hormones and genetic sex

Answer 9

Could be caused by this

E g. Case with people with androgen insensitivity syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia which may result in an intersex conditions when external genitalia do not match genetic sex, and an individual may be assigned to the wrong sex at birth.

Question 10

Who tested transsexual genes and what did they find

Answer 10

Hare et al

Looked at dna in mtf trannys

Found they were more likely to have a longer version of androgen receptor gebe than in a normal sample

Abnormality effects by reducing action of male hormone testosterone which may effect gender dev

Question 11

Intro to the brain sex theory of transsexualism

Answer 11

Based o idea that male and female brains differ

BSTc differs

Question 12

Who tested the brain sex theory

Answer 12

Zhou

Question 13

What did Zhou do and find

Answer 13

Found that mtf had similar neurone numbers in BSTc as females.

Same applied with males and ftm

Question 14

Talk about environmental effects

Answer 14

There may be an environmental cause to trannys

An insecticide called DDT contains oestrogen which may mean that males are prenatally exposed to high levels of female hormones causing a mismatch between genetic sex and hormone influences