A Template for Functional One Health Programs Flashcards
What is the global pattern of emerging infectious diseases?
Non-random
Is the incidence of EIDs increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
What are EID events dominated by?
Zoonoses (>60% of EIDs are zoonotic)
Where do 72% of zoonotic EIDs originate?
In wildlife
What are 54% of EIDs caused by? What does that reflect?
Bacterial
Reflects potential drug-resistance
What are EIDs correlated with?
Socioeconomics, environment and ecology, providing a basis for identifying hotspots for re-emergence
Where does a substantial risk of EIDs occur?
Where reporting is poor
True or False: global resources to counter disease emergence are poorly allocated.
True
What should the EID control effort be focused on?
Countries where the next EID is most likely to originate
What are the zoonotic disease epidemics that have occurred?
Ebola virus (current, 2013-2016) MERS-CoV (2014-2016) Marburg (1999-2000, 2004-2005, 2007, 2008, 2017) Zika virus (2015-2016) Swine influenza (2009) Avian influenza (2004-2007) SARS (2003) West Nile Virus (2001-2002) Nipah and Hendra (1998)
What are the drivers to zoonotic disease emergence?
Increasing human population Increasing urbanization Increasing incomes Changing trends in livestock production Pressures on natural habitats Climate-associated factors Increasing volumes of trade and human travel
What is One Health?
Interrelatedness between people, animals, and ecosystems
What is the One Health approach?
Transdisciplinary, collaborative “whole of society” approach toward global health problems
What did the H5N1 avian influenza and SARS lead to?
The development of global intersectoral space for institutions to collaborate under the banner of One Health
What was the global response to avian influenza?
Formation of USAID emerging pandemic threats (EPT) program
What are the challenges to the one health approach?
If one health approach = min. of health + min. of veterinary + min of environment, etc
How to create functional one health programs within a system of departments with different mandates
Under what guidelines would one health structures operate?
How to staff one health programs?
How to fund one health programs?
Where to locate programs of one health?
What reporting systems to adopt?
What is the mission of vets without borders (vwb)?
Advance human health and livelihoods in underserved areas
What is the approach of vwb?
Sustainably improve animal health and husbandry
What is the method of vwb?
Education, training programs for animal health, enterprise development
What are the outcomes with vwb?
Food security, incomes, and economic development
What is the vwb value proposition?
Develop a template for a functional one health program for 3 neglected zoonotic diseases, trypanosomiasis, brucellosis, and TB
What are the components of the vwb value proposition?
Involvement of district health and veterinary staff in planning community one health program for NZDs
Field detection of NZDs, concurrent in people and their animals
Training component- district human health and animal health personnel in NZD field testing
What is the Syndromic Surveillance for Livestock Health Award?
USAID Farmer-to-Farmer grant given to VWB of $1.4 million over 2014-2016 that targeted Ethiopia and Uganda
What are the 2 specific objectives of the Syndromic Surveillance for Livestock Health Award?
Enhancing transboundary animal disease reporting
Surveillance to assess the disease burden of neglected zoonoses using One Health approach
How can the award enhance transboundary animal disease reporting?
Incorporate livestock marketing chain actors into disease reporting channels for syndromic surveillance
Continuing professional development training
What are the conventional disease reporting channels in the order of reporting and reverse order of response?
Veterinary assistant
Veterinary officer
District veterinary officer
Commissioner of Veterinary Services
What are the components to surveillance to assess the disease burden of neglected zoonoses using One Health approach?
Survey administration
Field testing for NZDs
Concurrent in humans and animals
Anthropometric and morphometric assessments
What is the role of one health, food security, and vets due to the increasing global population?
How to efficiently and equitably feed an expanding population
Global livestock and poultry production must increase for food security
Increase in animal source food production must be efficient, equitable, and sustainable without causing unintended consequences of emerging infectious disease epidemics
