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Professional Development > A Template for Functional One Health Programs > Flashcards

A Template for Functional One Health Programs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the global pattern of emerging infectious diseases?

A

Non-random

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2
Q

Is the incidence of EIDs increasing or decreasing?

A

Increasing

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3
Q

What are EID events dominated by?

A

Zoonoses (>60% of EIDs are zoonotic)

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4
Q

Where do 72% of zoonotic EIDs originate?

A

In wildlife

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5
Q

What are 54% of EIDs caused by? What does that reflect?

A

Bacterial

Reflects potential drug-resistance

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6
Q

What are EIDs correlated with?

A

Socioeconomics, environment and ecology, providing a basis for identifying hotspots for re-emergence

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7
Q

Where does a substantial risk of EIDs occur?

A

Where reporting is poor

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8
Q

True or False: global resources to counter disease emergence are poorly allocated.

A

True

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9
Q

What should the EID control effort be focused on?

A

Countries where the next EID is most likely to originate

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10
Q

What are the zoonotic disease epidemics that have occurred?

A 
Ebola virus (current, 2013-2016)
MERS-CoV (2014-2016)
Marburg (1999-2000, 2004-2005, 2007, 2008, 2017)
Zika virus (2015-2016)
Swine influenza (2009)
Avian influenza (2004-2007)
SARS (2003)
West Nile Virus (2001-2002)
Nipah and Hendra (1998)
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11
Q

What are the drivers to zoonotic disease emergence?

A 
Increasing human population
Increasing urbanization
Increasing incomes
Changing trends in livestock production
Pressures on natural habitats
Climate-associated factors
Increasing volumes of trade and human travel
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12
Q

What is One Health?

A

Interrelatedness between people, animals, and ecosystems

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13
Q

What is the One Health approach?

A

Transdisciplinary, collaborative “whole of society” approach toward global health problems

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14
Q

What did the H5N1 avian influenza and SARS lead to?

A

The development of global intersectoral space for institutions to collaborate under the banner of One Health

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15
Q

What was the global response to avian influenza?

A

Formation of USAID emerging pandemic threats (EPT) program

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16
Q

What are the challenges to the one health approach?

A

If one health approach = min. of health + min. of veterinary + min of environment, etc
How to create functional one health programs within a system of departments with different mandates
Under what guidelines would one health structures operate?
How to staff one health programs?
How to fund one health programs?
Where to locate programs of one health?
What reporting systems to adopt?

17
Q

What is the mission of vets without borders (vwb)?

A

Advance human health and livelihoods in underserved areas

18
Q

What is the approach of vwb?

A

Sustainably improve animal health and husbandry

19
Q

What is the method of vwb?

A

Education, training programs for animal health, enterprise development

20
Q

What are the outcomes with vwb?

A

Food security, incomes, and economic development

21
Q

What is the vwb value proposition?

A

Develop a template for a functional one health program for 3 neglected zoonotic diseases, trypanosomiasis, brucellosis, and TB

22
Q

What are the components of the vwb value proposition?

A

Involvement of district health and veterinary staff in planning community one health program for NZDs
Field detection of NZDs, concurrent in people and their animals
Training component- district human health and animal health personnel in NZD field testing

23
Q

What is the Syndromic Surveillance for Livestock Health Award?

A

USAID Farmer-to-Farmer grant given to VWB of $1.4 million over 2014-2016 that targeted Ethiopia and Uganda

24
Q

What are the 2 specific objectives of the Syndromic Surveillance for Livestock Health Award?

A

Enhancing transboundary animal disease reporting

Surveillance to assess the disease burden of neglected zoonoses using One Health approach

25
Q

How can the award enhance transboundary animal disease reporting?

A

Incorporate livestock marketing chain actors into disease reporting channels for syndromic surveillance
Continuing professional development training

26
Q

What are the conventional disease reporting channels in the order of reporting and reverse order of response?

A

Veterinary assistant
Veterinary officer
District veterinary officer
Commissioner of Veterinary Services

27
Q

What are the components to surveillance to assess the disease burden of neglected zoonoses using One Health approach?

A

Survey administration
Field testing for NZDs
Concurrent in humans and animals
Anthropometric and morphometric assessments

28
Q

What is the role of one health, food security, and vets due to the increasing global population?

A

How to efficiently and equitably feed an expanding population
Global livestock and poultry production must increase for food security
Increase in animal source food production must be efficient, equitable, and sustainable without causing unintended consequences of emerging infectious disease epidemics

Professional Development (9 decks)

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