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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > A&P1 Lab 5 Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

A&P1 Lab 5 Axial Skeleton Flashcards

0
Q

Crest

A

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

  • site of muscle and ligament attachment
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1
Q

Bone markings

A

Either projections, depressions, or openings in bones

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2
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large rounded projection, may be roughened

  • site of muscle and ligament attachment
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3
Q

Line

A

Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest

  • site of muscle and ligament attachment
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4
Q

Trochanter

A

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (femur only)

  • site of muscle and ligament attachment
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5
Q

Epicondyle

A

Raised area on or above a condyle

  • site of muscle and ligament attachment
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6
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded projection or process

  • site of muscle and ligament attachment
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7
Q

Process

A

Any boney prominence

  • site of muscle and ligament attachment
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8
Q

Spine

A

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

  • site of muscle and ligament attachment
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9
Q

Head

A
  • Boney expansion carried on a narrow neck

- projection that helps form joints

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10
Q

Facet

A
  • smooth, nearly flat articular surface

- projection that helps form joints

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11
Q

Condyle

A
  • rounded articular projection

- projection that helps form joints

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12
Q

Ramus

A
  • Armlike bar of bone

- projection that helps form joints

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13
Q

Groove

A
  • Furrow

- depression for blood vessel or nerves

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14
Q

Fissure

A
  • Narrow, slit like opening

- for blood vessel or nerves

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15
Q

Foremen

A
  • round or oval openings through a bone

- hole for blood vessel or nerves

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16
Q

Notch

A
  • indentation at edge of suture

- depression for blood vessel or nerves

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17
Q

Meatus

A

Canal-like passageway

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18
Q

Sinus

A

Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

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19
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

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20
Q

Cranium

A

Cranium (superior part of skull)

 - 4 sutures
        - coronal
        - sagittal
        - squamous
        - lambdoid
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21
Q

Frontal bone

A

Part of skull

 - frontal sinuses 
 - supra-orbital foramen
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22
Q

Parietal bones

A
  • Right/Left superior/lateral Cranial bones
  • joined together by sagittal suture superiorly
  • coronal suture joins them to frontal bone
  • lambdoid suture joins them to occipital bone
  • squamous suture joins them to Temporal bones
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24
Q

Temporal bones

A

Right/Left lateral bones of cranium

-complex structure with multiple markings

  • Made up of :
    - squamous part (anterior)
    - tympanic part (inferior to ear)
    - petrous part (posterior)
    - mastoid part (bulge behind ear)
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25
Q

Mandibular fossa

A
  • structure of temporal bone
  • oval basin (fossa) on the inferior surface of zygomatic process
  • receives this ball condylar process of mandible
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26
Q

External Acoustic Meatus

A
  • External ear canal

- part of tympanic part of temporal bone

27
Q

Mastoid process

A
  • Part of Temporel bone (can be felt- lump posterior to ear)
  • mastoid = breasts (somewhat resembles shape)
  • anchors neck muscles

-

28
Q

Jugular foramen

A
  • posterior part of temporal bone (junction of occipital bone)
  • allows passage of the internal jugular vein and three cranial nerves
  • larger posterior foramen to carotid canal
29
Q

Carotid canal

A
  • Structure of Temporal bone
  • small ‘hole’ anterior to jugular foramen
  • transmits the internal carotid artery into cranial cavity
30
Q

Foramen Lacerum

A
  • Medially located Temporal bone structure
  • jagged opening (lacerum= torn/lacerated)
  • between the petrous temporal bone and the sepheniod bone
31
Q

Occipital bone

A
  • posterior cranial bone
  • foramen magnum “large hole” for spinal cord
  • occipital condyles articulate with the first vertebra of spinal column (allows nodding “yes” motion)
32
Q

Sphenoid bone

A
  • shaped like bat
  • complex structure with several bone markings
  • Keystone of the cranium:
    - forms a central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones
33
Q

Greater/Lesser wings of Sphenoid bone

A

Greater Wings:

 - larger superior wings that form:
          - middle cranial fossa
          - posterior walls of orbits
          - external wall of skull

Lesser Wings:

  - form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa
  - form part of the medial walls of the orbits
34
Q

Sella Turcica of Sphenoid bone

A
  • superior surface of the body has saddle shaped prominence
  • hypophyseal fossa- seat of “saddle” holding Pituitary gland
  • meaning “Turks Saddle”
35
Q

Sphenoid Sinus

A

-lies within the body of the Seohenoid bone

36
Q

Sphenoid foramen

A

O ROS

Optic canals- anterior/ above to Sella Turcica
- allows Optic nerves to pass to eyes

Rotundum-in the middle part of the greater wing and is usually oval despite name

Ovale- A large oval foramen posterior/ below the foramen rotundum

Foramen Spinosum- small holes posteriorlateral to the foramen ovale

37
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

-Most deeply situated bone of skull

Warms air intake with lots of surface area

38
Q

Crista Galli

A
  • projects superiorly from ethmoid bone

- pinnacle (rooster’s head-gallo)

39
Q

Cribriform plates

A
  • forms superior surface of ethmoid

- paired horizontal plates form roof of nasal cavity and floor of anterior cranial fossa.

40
Q

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

A
  • Divides nasal cavity into right and left halves

- medial vertical structure

41
Q

Ethmoid sinus

A
  • flanking perpendicular plate is a lateral mass:

- ethmoid air cells or ethmoid sinuses

42
Q

Superior and Middle nasal conchae

A
  • Shell shaped protrusions

- lateral to perpendicular plate

43
Q

Fetal skull fontanelles

A

Fountanelles

      - fibrous connective tissue (soft spots)
      - develops into sutures
      - "little fountains" because surging pulse can be felt there

Anterior Fontanelle- large diamond shape soft spot at top of baby’s head

Mastoid fontanelle- behind Temporal bone (becomes squamous/lambdoid suture)

Sephenoid Fontanelle- between frontal, parietal and Temporel bones (becomes squamous / inferior coronal suture)

Posterior Fontanelle- at junction of sagittal and lambdoid sutures

44
Q

Facial bones (name all 8)

A
  • Mandible
  • maxillae (maxillary bone)
  • zygomatic
  • palatine (pallet)
  • lacrimal
  • nasal bone
  • vomer
  • inferior nasal conchae
45
Q

Mandible

A

Mandibular condyle:

 - articulation point between mandible and temporal bones
 - fits into mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Coronoid process:

 - most vertical projection
 - interior part ramus

Mental foramen- holes on jaw

Mandibular foramen- inside of jaw

46
Q

Maxillae

A

Keystone bones of the face; forms the upper jaw and parts of the hard pallet, orbits, and nasal cavity walls

Articulates with all facial bones except mandible

Infraorbital foramen- hones below eye socket
Palatine process- roof of mouth
Maxillary sinuses

47
Q

Palatine

A

Forms posterior “hard palate”

Contributes to the floor of the orbits

48
Q

Zygomatic

A

Forms the cheeks and part of the orbits

49
Q

Lacrimal

A

Forms part of the medial orbit walls

50
Q

Nasal

A

Forms the bridge of nose

51
Q

Vomer

A

Interior part of the nasal septum

Vertical piece

52
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Forms part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

53
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Only freestanding bone of the body

Supports larynx

attachment for muscles:

 - larynx 
 - pharynx  
 - tongue
54
Q

The vertebral column

A

Spine- made up of 26 bones

               - sacrum
               - coccyx
 - flexible yet supports head and body
 - protects spinal cord
55
Q

Typical vertebra

A 
Body
Laminae
Pedicles
Vertebral foramen
Transverse processes 
Spinous process
Superior and inferior articular processes
Intravertebral foramina
56
Q

Cervical

A

Atlas- articulates with the skull (C1)
- no body or spinous process

Axis- has a body (C2)
- dens (knoblike vertical projection) allows head to rotate in “no” gesture.

Dens (Odontoid process)- vertical point

Transverse foramina- side holes (totals to 3)

57
Q

Thoracic

A

Facets on transverse process for ribs

58
Q

Sacrum

A

Alae (singular-ala)

Median sacral crest

Sacral foramina

59
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae

60
Q

Lumbar

A

Concave

5 vertebrae

61
Q

Bony thorax

A

Thoracic cage

Includes sternum and ribs

62
Q

Strenum

A

Breastbone includes:

 - manubrium -top bone
 - body -Long vertical bone
 - xiphoid process - bottom Diamond shaped bone
63
Q

Ribs

A

Head, neck, tubercles, coastal grooves

True ribs: T1 – T7

False Ribs: T8 – T 12

Floating ribs T11 – 212

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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