A&P Unit 3 (Skeletal System)

Question 1

functions of the skeletal system (6)

Answer 1

• support/framework
• protection
• leverage for movement
• mineral homeostasis
• blood cell production
• energy storage

Question 2

long bones

Answer 2

• greater length than width

- femur, humerus

Question 3

short bones

Answer 3

• nearly equal in length and width

- carpals, tarsals

Question 4

flat bones

Answer 4

• thin with large surfaces
• protection
• scapulae, sternum

Question 5

irregular bones

Answer 5

• do not fall into any category

- vertebrae

Question 6

sesamoid bone

Answer 6

• embedded with muscle tendons around joints

- patellae

Question 7

cortical bone (3)

Answer 7

• dense/compact
• very strong
• made of osteon/haversian systems

Question 8

cancellous bone (spongy bone)

Answer 8

-constructed of thin bone tissue called trabeculae

Question 9

epiphysis

Answer 9

-distal and proximal ends of bones

Question 10

diaphysis

Answer 10

-long, main, portion of the bone

Question 11

metaphysis (4)

Answer 11

• region where diaphysis meets epiphysis
• zone of change/transition
• contains epiphyseal line
• site of interstatial (lengthwise) growth

Question 12

articular cartilage

Answer 12

-reduces friction and absorbs shock

Question 13

periosteum

Answer 13

• double-layered fibrous membrane

- site of appositional (width) growth

Question 14

trochanter

Answer 14

• specific to femur, large rough projection

- greater lesser trochanters of femur

Question 15

tubercle

Answer 15

• small rounded projection

- greater lesser tubercles of humerus

Question 16

foramen

Answer 16

-rounded opening through which blood, vessels, nerves, ligaments

Question 17

osteoblasts

Answer 17

• immature bone cell

- builds bone

Question 18

osteoclasts

Answer 18

• specialized cells for reabsorption

- bone destroyers

Question 19

ossification

Answer 19

• process by which bone is formed

- 2 patterns: endochondral/intramembraneous

Question 20

endochondral ossification

Answer 20

• formation of bone from hyaline cartilage

- bad blood supply results in cartilage before bone

Question 21

intramembraneous ossification

Answer 21

-good blood supply results in direct formation of bone tissue

Question 22

4 steps process callus formation/bone healing

Answer 22

• fracture
• fibrocartilaginous callus formation
• bony callus formation
• remodeling

Question 23

5 steps process callus formation/bone healing

Answer 23

• fracture
• fibrocartilaginous callus formation
• -OSTEBO BLAST INVASION
• bony callus formation
• remodeling

Question 24

3 types of cartilage

Answer 24

• hyaline (abundant/weak/articulating bones)
• fibro
• elastic

Question 25

structural classification of joints (2)

Answer 25

• fibrous (no synovial cavity)

- synovial (diathrotic, synovial cavity, movement)

Question 26

functional classification of joints (3)

Answer 26

• synarthrotic (immovable, sutures)
• amphiarthrotic (movable, intervertebral disk)
• diarthrotic (freely movable, elbows)

Question 27

bursae (2)

Answer 27

• reduce friction for structures moving over boney prominences
• filled with fluid

Question 28

menisci (2)

Answer 28

• fibrocartilage between articulating surfaces

- shock absorber

Question 29

3 parts of sternum

Answer 29

• manubrium
• gladiolus
• xiphoid process

Question 30

classification of ribs (4)

Answer 30

• 12 pairs
• 7 true
• 3 false
• 2 false floating

Question 31

how many bones in the vertebral column

Answer 31

• 26 anatomically

- 33 surgically

Question 32

cervical vertebrae C-1/C-2 are called

Answer 32

• C1= Atlas

- C2= Axis

Question 33

intervertebral disks

Answer 33

• 2 regions
• annulus fibrosus (donut)
• nucleus pulpous (jelly)

Question 34

what binds laminae of adjacent vertebrae?

Answer 34

ligmentum flavellum

Question 35

how many bones in the human body

Answer 35

206 (207)

Question 36

how many bones in appendicular skeleton?

Answer 36

126

Question 37

3 bones of the pelvis

Answer 37

• ilium (large, superior, crest)
• ischium (most inferior)
• pubis (most anterior)

Question 38

carpals (scared, lovers, try, positions, that, they, can’t, handle)

Answer 38

• scaphoid
• lunate
• triquetrum
• pisiform
• trapezium
• trapezoid
• capitate
• hamate

Question 39

tarsals (cute, tigers, need, milk, in, little, cups)

Answer 39

• calcaneus
• talus
• navicular
• medial cuniform
• intermediate cuniform
• lateral cuniform
• cuboid