A&P Unit 3 (Skeletal System) Flashcards
functions of the skeletal system (6)
- support/framework
- protection
- leverage for movement
- mineral homeostasis
- blood cell production
- energy storage
long bones
- greater length than width
- femur, humerus
short bones
- nearly equal in length and width
- carpals, tarsals
flat bones
- thin with large surfaces
- protection
- scapulae, sternum
irregular bones
- do not fall into any category
- vertebrae
sesamoid bone
- embedded with muscle tendons around joints
- patellae
cortical bone (3)
- dense/compact
- very strong
- made of osteon/haversian systems
cancellous bone (spongy bone)
-constructed of thin bone tissue called trabeculae
epiphysis
-distal and proximal ends of bones
diaphysis
-long, main, portion of the bone
metaphysis (4)
- region where diaphysis meets epiphysis
- zone of change/transition
- contains epiphyseal line
- site of interstatial (lengthwise) growth
articular cartilage
-reduces friction and absorbs shock
periosteum
- double-layered fibrous membrane
- site of appositional (width) growth
trochanter
- specific to femur, large rough projection
- greater lesser trochanters of femur
tubercle
- small rounded projection
- greater lesser tubercles of humerus
foramen
-rounded opening through which blood, vessels, nerves, ligaments
osteoblasts
- immature bone cell
- builds bone
osteoclasts
- specialized cells for reabsorption
- bone destroyers
ossification
- process by which bone is formed
- 2 patterns: endochondral/intramembraneous
endochondral ossification
- formation of bone from hyaline cartilage
- bad blood supply results in cartilage before bone
intramembraneous ossification
-good blood supply results in direct formation of bone tissue
4 steps process callus formation/bone healing
- fracture
- fibrocartilaginous callus formation
- bony callus formation
- remodeling
5 steps process callus formation/bone healing
- fracture
- fibrocartilaginous callus formation
- -OSTEBO BLAST INVASION
- bony callus formation
- remodeling
3 types of cartilage
- hyaline (abundant/weak/articulating bones)
- fibro
- elastic
structural classification of joints (2)
- fibrous (no synovial cavity)
- synovial (diathrotic, synovial cavity, movement)
functional classification of joints (3)
- synarthrotic (immovable, sutures)
- amphiarthrotic (movable, intervertebral disk)
- diarthrotic (freely movable, elbows)
bursae (2)
- reduce friction for structures moving over boney prominences
- filled with fluid
menisci (2)
- fibrocartilage between articulating surfaces
- shock absorber
3 parts of sternum
- manubrium
- gladiolus
- xiphoid process
classification of ribs (4)
- 12 pairs
- 7 true
- 3 false
- 2 false floating
how many bones in the vertebral column
- 26 anatomically
- 33 surgically
cervical vertebrae C-1/C-2 are called
- C1= Atlas
- C2= Axis
intervertebral disks
- 2 regions
- annulus fibrosus (donut)
- nucleus pulpous (jelly)
what binds laminae of adjacent vertebrae?
ligmentum flavellum
how many bones in the human body
206 (207)
how many bones in appendicular skeleton?
126
3 bones of the pelvis
- ilium (large, superior, crest)
- ischium (most inferior)
- pubis (most anterior)
carpals (scared, lovers, try, positions, that, they, can’t, handle)
- scaphoid
- lunate
- triquetrum
- pisiform
- trapezium
- trapezoid
- capitate
- hamate
tarsals (cute, tigers, need, milk, in, little, cups)
- calcaneus
- talus
- navicular
- medial cuniform
- intermediate cuniform
- lateral cuniform
- cuboid
