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Surg Tech > A&P Unit 2 (Integumentary System) > Flashcards

A&P Unit 2 (Integumentary System) Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of skin…(6)

A
  • absorption
  • excretion
  • monitoring
  • prevention
  • protection
  • regulation
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2
Q

Epidermis (5)

A
  • thinner/outermost layer, rapidly replaced every 2-4 weeks
  • stratified squamous epithelial
  • lacks blood vessels
  • waterproof from keratinization
  • 4 to 5 layers
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3
Q

Layers of the epidermis (5)

A

outer to inner

  • stratum corneum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum basale
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4
Q

stratum corneum (2)

A
  • keratinized (waterproof)

- outermost layer

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5
Q

stratum lucidum

A

-only present palms/soles feet

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6
Q

stratum basale (3)

A
  • metabolically active (nourished by dermis)
  • capable of continued cell division/growth
  • contains melanocytes
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7
Q

melanocytes (2)

A
  • responsible for skin pigmentation/color

- produce melanin

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8
Q

disease: albinism (3)

A
  • absence of pigmentation of skin, hair, eyes
  • mutated melanin genes
  • melanocytes present but unable to synthesize. tyrosinase
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9
Q

disease vitiligo (2)

A
  • autoimmune disease

- antibodies destroy melanocytes leaving white spots

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10
Q

keratinization (2)

A
  • keratinocytes pushed to surface, away from blood supply die
  • takes 2-4 weeks
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11
Q

callus/corn

A
  • constant friction
  • abnormal cell grow
  • thickening of skin
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12
Q

jaundice

A
  • yellowish tone of skin
  • accumulation of bilirubin in bood
  • indicates liver disease
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13
Q

cyanosis

A
  • blood appears deep purplish blue

- inadequate oxygenation of blood

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14
Q

how does epithelial tissue protect from ultraviolet light?

A

-langerhan’s cells interact with T-helper cells in activating antibody mediated immune response

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15
Q

Dermis functions… (8)

A
  • nourishes overlying tissue
  • provides strength, extensibility, elasticity
  • regulation of body temperature
  • protection
  • monitoring of external environment
  • excretions
  • absorptions
  • blood reservoir
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16
Q

papillary layer of dermis (3)

A
  • superficial most layer
  • 1/5 of total thickness
  • loose areolar connective tissue
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17
Q

reticular layer of the dermis (2)

A
  • deeper portion

- 4/5 total thickness

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18
Q

hairs (pili) (4)

A
  • dead, pigmented, keratinized cells
  • arrises from follicle
  • 1 or more sebaceous glands
  • smooth muscle (arrector pili)
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19
Q

hair follicle (3)

A
  • tube-like depression of epidermal tissue
  • extends into dermis
  • external/internal root sheaths
20
Q

root

A

-portion of hair embedded in follicle (buried)

21
Q

shaft

A

-portion of hair projecting from skin

22
Q

nails

A

-plates of tightly packed, clear, keratinized cells

23
Q

lunula (3)

A
  • whitish, thick, semilunar area
  • most active growing region
  • thickened stratum basale
24
Q

sebacous/oil glands (4)

A
  • associated with hair follicles
  • absent soles/palms
  • secretes sebum
  • prevents hair from drying and becoming brittle
25
Q

sudoriferous / sweat gland: eccrine (2)

A
  • most numerous type

- primary function is cooling body

26
Q

sudoriferous / sweat gland: appocrine (2)

A
  • become active during puberty

- develop scent as bacteria metabolize product

27
Q

merkel cells (2)

A
  • function in sensation/touch

- work in conjunction with tactile/meissner’s corpuscles

28
Q

tactile/meissners corpuscles (2)

A
  • function in fine touch

- work in conjunction with merkel cells

29
Q

lamellated/pacinian corpuscles (2)

A
  • sensation of heavy pressure

- large, ellipsoidal structures composed of concentric sheaths

30
Q

What provides sensation of temperature?

A

Thermoreceptors: hot/cold

31
Q

What provides sensation of pain?

A

Nociceptors

32
Q

Hypodermis: structure (4)

A
  • aka subcutaneous layer
  • not actually part of skin tissue (dermis)
  • loose areolar connective/adipose tissue
  • fibroblasts and adipocytes
33
Q

Hypodermis: function (3)

A
  • binds skin to underlying organs/structures
  • impedes heat loss/prevents heat from entering
  • cushions and protects underlying organs/structures from injury
34
Q

Contusion (3)

A
  • bruise
  • results from blunt trauma
  • deeper tissue damage may occur
35
Q

Hematoma

A

-collection of liquid or clotted blood in the subcutaneous layer

36
Q

1st degree burns (3)

A
  • injury to superficial epidermis
  • mild, tenderness, erythema
  • no blister, functions remain intact
37
Q

2nd degree burns (2)

A
  • destruction of the entire epidermis and portion of the dermis
  • erythema, blister formation
38
Q

3rd degree buns (2)

A
  • full thickness

- destruction of the entire epidermis, dermis, epidermal derivatives

39
Q

Burn severity is determined by…

A

BSA methods:

  • Rules of Nines
  • Lund-Browder Method
40
Q

BSA: Rules of Nines

A
  • fairly accurate
  • fast
  • only used on adults
41
Q

BSA: Lund-Browder Method

A
  • slower
  • more accurate than Nines method
  • used for children
42
Q

electrical injury

A

-thermal burns from heat generated from current running through tissue

43
Q

pressure injury: decubitus ulcer/bedsore:

A

-pressure injury from deficiency of blood from prolonged friction on bony prominences

44
Q

basal cell carcinomas

A

-account for over %75 of all skin cancers

45
Q

cutaneous melanomas (3)

A
  • malignant melanoma/melanocarcinoma
  • cancers arise from melanocytes
  • fast growing/rapid/easily metastisize

Surg Tech (14 decks)

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