A&P periodic table 100 Flashcards
negative feedback is when
the stimulus and response are different reducing the stimulus trying to come back to homeostasis
positive feedback is when
response increases the effect childbirth increases until the stimulus is over
metabolism is
the sum of biochemical reactions that sustain life
catabolism is
breakdown of larger molecues
responsiveness is
the ability to react to outside stimulus
differentiation is
when a cell becomes a specialized cell
chemistry is
the study of matter matter is the stuff that takes up space
an element
is a type of atom
an atom
is an individual unit of an element
periodic table columns are
groups
periodic table rows are
periods or rows determines how reactive they are
atoms are
smallest fundamental units of matter
Electron shells around the nucleus
outside shell determines
chemical properties
noble gases
all have a full valence shell
row 1, 2, 3, etc
is how many electron shells
subatomic particles are
protons+
neutrons=
electrons-
atomic #
amount of protons (which is equal to neutrons)
atomic mass
amount of neutrons (sum of protons and neutrons)
molecules
when 2 or more atoms combine O2
compound
combination of 2 or more different elements H2O
total number of electrons on valence shell
group roman numerals on periodic tabel
Isotopes are
different amount of NEUTRONS in same element
E.g. Hydrogen (H) has 1 proton & 1 electron in its most stable form. However if it has 1 neutron, it is now called deuterium, 2 neutrons => tritium. Some isotopes are highly unstable and therefore are prone to decaying which causes radioactivity (these are then called radioactive isotopes)
Half Life is
time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample of that isotope to decay into a more stable form. Some are days, others may be 1000s of years.
free radicals are
atoms / molecules with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell.
E.g. Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide. These compounds are highly reactive and unstable and possess the capability to cause cellular damage
free radical damage is when
“steal” electrons from other cells by a process called “oxidation” thus causing cellular damage (in medical literature, this is termed OXIDATIVE STRESS)
ANTIOXIDANTS, have an electron to donate such as vitamin E, carotene, lycopene, etc… help prevent this type of biochemical process.
FYI – many chronic diseases are the direct result or correlated with oxidative stress. E.g. macular degeneration, arthritis, Alzheimers, cancer…..to name a few.
ionic bonds are
Ionic bonds- attraction between ELEMENTS OF OPPOSITE charges when elements have lost or gained an electron. These are relatively strong when NOT in solution, but VERY weak when placed in SOLUTION.
tends to form between a metal and a non-metal
There are 2 categories of ions:
ANION – negative charge (-‘ve) – elements that have gained electron (s)
CATION– positive charge (+’ve) .. think cats make you feel positive….. prrrrrrrrrr. – elements that have lost electron (s)
The process of gaining or losing electrons is called ionization (as in ionizing radiation
anion
negative charged
cation
positive charged
