A&P periodic table 100

Question 1

negative feedback is when

Answer 1

the stimulus and response are different reducing the stimulus trying to come back to homeostasis

Question 2

positive feedback is when

Answer 2

response increases the effect childbirth increases until the stimulus is over

Question 3

metabolism is

Answer 3

the sum of biochemical reactions that sustain life

Question 4

catabolism is

Answer 4

breakdown of larger molecues

Question 5

responsiveness is

Answer 5

the ability to react to outside stimulus

Question 6

differentiation is

Answer 6

when a cell becomes a specialized cell

Question 7

chemistry is

Answer 7

the study of matter matter is the stuff that takes up space

Question 8

an element

Answer 8

is a type of atom

Question 9

an atom

Answer 9

is an individual unit of an element

Question 10

periodic table columns are

Answer 10

groups

Question 11

periodic table rows are

Answer 11

periods or rows determines how reactive they are

Question 12

atoms are

Answer 12

smallest fundamental units of matter

Question 13

Electron shells around the nucleus

outside shell determines

Answer 13

chemical properties

Question 14

noble gases

Answer 14

all have a full valence shell

Question 15

row 1, 2, 3, etc

Answer 15

is how many electron shells

Question 16

subatomic particles are

Answer 16

protons+
neutrons=
electrons-

Question 17

atomic #

Answer 17

amount of protons (which is equal to neutrons)

Question 18

atomic mass

Answer 18

amount of neutrons (sum of protons and neutrons)

Question 19

molecules

Answer 19

when 2 or more atoms combine O2

Question 20

compound

Answer 20

combination of 2 or more different elements H2O

Question 21

total number of electrons on valence shell

Answer 21

group roman numerals on periodic tabel

Question 22

Isotopes are

Answer 22

different amount of NEUTRONS in same element
E.g. Hydrogen (H) has 1 proton & 1 electron in its most stable form. However if it has 1 neutron, it is now called deuterium, 2 neutrons => tritium. Some isotopes are highly unstable and therefore are prone to decaying which causes radioactivity (these are then called radioactive isotopes)

Question 23

Half Life is

Answer 23

time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample of that isotope to decay into a more stable form. Some are days, others may be 1000s of years.

Question 24

free radicals are

Answer 24

atoms / molecules with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell.
E.g. Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide. These compounds are highly reactive and unstable and possess the capability to cause cellular damage

Question 25

free radical damage is when

Answer 25

“steal” electrons from other cells by a process called “oxidation” thus causing cellular damage (in medical literature, this is termed OXIDATIVE STRESS)
ANTIOXIDANTS, have an electron to donate such as vitamin E, carotene, lycopene, etc… help prevent this type of biochemical process.
 FYI – many chronic diseases are the direct result or correlated with oxidative stress. E.g. macular degeneration, arthritis, Alzheimers, cancer…..to name a few.

Question 26

ionic bonds are

Answer 26

Ionic bonds- attraction between ELEMENTS OF OPPOSITE charges when elements have lost or gained an electron. These are relatively strong when NOT in solution, but VERY weak when placed in SOLUTION.
 tends to form between a metal and a non-metal

There are 2 categories of ions:
ANION – negative charge (-‘ve) – elements that have gained electron (s)
CATION– positive charge (+’ve) .. think cats make you feel positive….. prrrrrrrrrr. – elements that have lost electron (s)
The process of gaining or losing electrons is called ionization (as in ionizing radiation

Question 27

anion

Answer 27

negative charged

Question 28

cation

Answer 28

positive charged