A&P chemical reactions (3) Flashcards
chemical reactions are
Reactions - defined as the formation of new products due to the breakdown or creation of bonds.
energy is defined as
- potential energy – energy stored by matter due to its position
- kinetic energy – energy associated with motion or movement of matter
Reactants (Starting) Products (End)
metabolism is
the chemical reactions that occur in the body. These processes can be indirectly affected through diet, exercise, and heredity
exergonic reactions are
more energy released than absorbed = positive release of energy E.g. cellular respiration in the body yields high levels of ATP (energy for living cells). These reactions tend to break larger molecules into smaller ones.
*ATP = adenosine triphosphate
EXERGONIC would be CATABOLIC
bigger—smaller
from larger more complex molecules to smaller molecules (positive release) going from the reaction environment into the surrounding environment
This is how energy is measured/quantified in biochemical processes (like using currency to measure economics)
endorgonic reactions are
less energy released than absorbed = negative release of energy (or NET loss of energy or energy is converted). In other words negative release of energy THEY REQUIRE ENERGY TO START.
endergonic would be ANABOLIC.
Note: All chemical reactions require an initial amount of energy to occur (ACTIVATION ENERGY). Coupling of these reactions allow the body to utilize the energy released in the most efficient way possible. Ie. Energy released from 1 reaction is used to fuel another. (Energy is never lost or destroyed but simply converted to another form - law of conservation of energy)
ENdorgenic reaction requires
energy, ATP ANABOLIC
EXergentic reaction –
occurs spontaneously CATABOLIC
catalysts
substances or situations found within the body that aid in the speed, initiation, activation energy, etc. of chemical reactions in the body. E.g. increased Body temp & enzymes
ACTIVATION ENERGY with or without catalysts
metabolism
the chemical reactions that occur in the body. These reactions can be broken into two main categories
“SYNTHESIS REACTIONS”
- anabolism
- builds new larger/more complex molecules (think: anabolic steroids)
A + B = AB
- these reactions tend to be ENDERGONIC (requires energy) – there is a negative release of energy
- very important in growth and healing processes.
E.g.Muscle growth or DNA formation.
- when we eat, our bodies undergo anabolism, which takes the nutrients from our diet and both processes and packages them into forms to be stored into the cells/tissues, therefore causing us to grow.
DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS
–2. catabolism
- breaks down or destroys larger molecules into smaller molecules.
AB A + B
- these reactions tend to be
EXORGENIC. (releases energy) – there is a positive release of energy.
E.g. Breakdown of nutrients for absorption into cells and tissues for immediate body use
EXCHANGE REACTIONS
THE BODY WOULD USE THESE TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS IN THE BODY
involves the exchange of chemicals & molecules to compensate for changes to physiological state and metabolism. (too acidic, too basic? The body will initiate exchange reactions to create buffers to restore homeostasis)
AB + CD AD + BC
-many of body’s natural chemical reactions use this method.
HCL + NaHCO3 H2CO3 + NaCl
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS
AB A + B AB
Ex: Glycogen breaks down to glucose + ATP during catabolism (when you’re hungry need energy).
But in anabolism (at rest of after eating), GLUOSE is converted to GLYCOGEN for energy stores to be used another day. Glycogen, as we’ll learn later is the bodies’ naturally stored form of sugar.
When WE DON’T HAVE ENOUGH SUGAR WE break Down. when we have to much we store it
metabolism is
the sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactons in the body
