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Genitourinary > A&P of Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

A&P of Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the male reproductive system?

A
  • Testes
  • Accessory sex glands
  • Several supporting structures
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2
Q

What structures are included within the testes?

A
  • Epididymis
  • Ductus deferens (vas deferens)
  • Ejaculatory ducts
  • Urethra
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3
Q

What are the accessory sex glands of the male reproductive system?

A
  • Seminal Vesicles
  • Prostate
  • Bulbourethral glands
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4
Q

What are the testes?

A

Paired oval glands that develop sperm and secrete hormones

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5
Q

What are the structures/hormones within the testes?

A
  • Lobules
  • Seminiferous tubules
  • Sertoli cells
  • Leydig cells
  • Androgen
  • Testosterone
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6
Q

What in the lobules extend inward and divides each testis into internal compartments?

A

Dense white fibrous capsule

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7
Q

What structure produces sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

What is the process to produce sperm?

A

Spermatogenesis

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9
Q

What cells secrete testosterone and where is that structure located?

A
  • Leydig cells

- located between sertoli cells

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10
Q

What do sertoli cells produce?

A
  • Support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells
  • Phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells
  • Secrete fluid for transport
  • Release hormone inhibin
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11
Q

What is the hormone that promotes development of masculine characteristics?

A

Androgen

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12
Q

What promotes a man’s libido?

A

Testosterone

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13
Q

What are some key characteristics of the scrotum?

A
  • Pouch that supports the testes

- Septum divides scrotum into two sacks

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14
Q

What is the optimal temperature for the production and survival of sperm?

A

About 2-3 degrees Celsius below normal body temperature

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15
Q

What are the three stages of spermatogenesis?

A
  • Meiosis I
  • Meiosis II
  • Spermiogenesis
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16
Q

What are diploid cells?

A

Somatic cells that contain two sets of chromosomes

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17
Q

When does Spermatogenesis begin?

A
  • Begins during puberty and continues throughout life

- Contain diploid number of chromosomes (46)

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18
Q

What is the timeframe from on-set of cell division of spermatogonium until sperm are released into lumen of seminiferous tubule?

A

65-75 days

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19
Q

After spermatogonium undergo mitosis, where does one cell stay?

A

Near the basement membrane as spermatogonium

- stem cells remain for mitosis

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20
Q

What does meiosis I begin and end with?

A
  • Begins with diploid starting cell

- Ends with 2 cells with haploid number of chromosomes

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21
Q

What happens during meiosis II?

A

Each of the two haploid cells from meiosis I divide

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22
Q

What are spermatids?

A

Haploid cells formed during meiosis II

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23
Q

What happens during spermiogenesis?

A

Haploid spermatid develops into single cell

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24
Q

What rate are sperm produced and how long can they last?

A
  • Rate of 300 million/day

- After ejaculated, lasts 48 hours in female reproductive tract

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25
Q

What are the major parts of a sperm cell?

A
  • Head

- Tail

26
Q

What does the head of a sperm cell contain?

A
  • Nuclear material (DNA)

- Acrosome

27
Q

What is acrosome?

A

A vesicle containing enzymes that aid penetration by the sperm cell into a secondary oocyte

28
Q

The tail of a sperm cell is subdivided into what four parts?

A
  • Neck
  • Middle piece
  • Principle piece
  • End piece
29
Q

What does the middle piece of the tail of a sperm cell contain?

A

Mitochondria that contain ATP for locomotion

30
Q

What is the longest portion of the tail of a sperm cell?

A

Principle piece

31
Q

What is the epididymis?

A
  • Comma shaped organ that lies posterior border of the testis
  • Mostly of tightly coiled ductus epididymis
32
Q

What is the site of sperm maturation?

A

Ductus epididymis

33
Q

What does the ductus epididymis do?

A
  • Store sperm
  • Propel sperm during into vas deferens
  • May remain in storage for several months
34
Q

The vas deferens has a heavy coat with how many layers of muscle?

A

Three

35
Q

In addition to storing sperm, the vas deferens does what?

A

Conveys sperm from epididymis toward urethra during sexual arousal by peristaltic contractions of the muscular coat

36
Q

What is the supporting structure of the male reproductive system?

A

Spermatic cord

37
Q

What is formed by a union of the duct from the vas deferens and seminal vesicles?

A

Ejaculatory ducts

38
Q

What does the urethra pass through?

A
  • Prostate
  • Deep perineal muscles
  • Penis
39
Q

What are seminal vesicles?

A

Pouch-like structures lying posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum

40
Q

What do the seminal vesicles secrete?

A

Alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins

41
Q

What helps neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and female reproductive tract?

A

The alkaline nature of the fluid secreted from the seminal vesicles

42
Q

What contributes to sperm motility and viability?

A

Prostaglandins

43
Q

What helps the semen coagulate after ejaculation?

A

Clotting proteins

44
Q

What does the prostate secrete?

A

Milky, slightly acidic fluid (pH 6.5) that contains citric acid, acid phosphatase, and several protein-digesting enzymes (such as PSA)

45
Q

What are some percentages that make up semen?

A
  • About 60% secreted from seminal vesicles

- About 25% secreted from prostate

46
Q

What are some characteristics of bulbourethral glands?

A
  • Paired about size of peas
  • Located inferior to prostate on either side of urethra
  • Secrete alkaline urethra that protects passing sperm from acids
  • Secrete mucus to prevent sperm damage during ejaculation
47
Q

What is semen?

A

Mixture of secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

48
Q

What is the volume of semen in a typical ejaculation?

A
  • 2.5-5 mL
  • 50-150 million sperm/mL
  • <20 million sperm/mL equals infertile
49
Q

What is the pH of sperm?

A

7.2-7.7

50
Q

Does semen contain an antibiotic that can destroy certain bacteria?

A

Yes

51
Q

The body of the penis is composed of what?

A

Three cylindrical mases of tissue

52
Q

What are the two dorsolateral masses of tissue of the penis called?

A

Corpora cavernosa penis

53
Q

What is the smaller midventral mass of tissue of the penis called?

A

Corpus Spongiosum penis, contains the urethra

54
Q

At the onset of puberty, the hypothalamus increase their secretion of what hormone?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

55
Q

What does Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete?

A
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)

- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

56
Q

What does Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and negative feedback cycles control?

A

Leydig and Sertoli cells of the testes

- Stimulate spermatogenesis

57
Q

LH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete what hormone?

A

Testosterone

58
Q

What acts together to stimulate spermatogenesis?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone

59
Q

What inhibits the secretion of hormones needed for spermatogenesis?

A

Inhibin

60
Q

What stimulates the development of external genitalia?

A

Dihydrotestosterone

61
Q

What are anabolic hormones that stimulate protein synthesis?

A

Anabolic hormones

Genitourinary (6 decks)

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