A&p examlv Flashcards
This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.
myogenic mechanism
Increased secretion of hydrogen ions using the sodium - H+ anti-porter would result in a(n) ______________ of blood ____________ and (increase secretion of H+) will help with metabolic compensation?
increase, pressure
decrease, volume
increase, sodium levels
increase, urea
increase, pressure????
Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.Aldosterone Renin ANH Angiotensin-II ADH
ADH
Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?
It increases GFR
It can decrease GFR
It enhances reabsorption of certain ions
It stimulates the release of aldosterone
None of these choices
It increases GFR
Which of the following occurs when water loss is greater than water gain?
Dehydration
This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.
secretion
How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid?
2/3 (66.7%)
Which of the following is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys? Antidiuretic hormone ANP Parathyroid hormone Aldosterone All of these choices
Aldosterone
This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. Urethra Ureter Descending nephron loop Renal hilus None of these choices
Ureter
This hormone is released from the heart atria when the blood volume increases to target principle cells. Parathyroid Hormone Renin ADH Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Aldosterone
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea inside the
renal capsule
nephron loop
ascending tubule
renal medulla
renal pelvis
renal medula
parasympathetic division of ANS regulates kidney functions.
True
False
F
Absence of angiotensin converting enzyme will lead to
decreased blood pressure
increased blood pressure
will not have any effect on blood pressure
All of these choices are correct.
None of these choices is correct.
decreased blood pressure
This substance gives bile its major pigmentation: ketone bodies erythrocytes casts bilirubin glucose
bilirubin
Deamination is not required for all protein catabolism to enter the Krebs cycle.
T
GluT1 transporters are responsible for passive transport of Glucose into the cell to yield G-6-P that cannot exit the cell; in liver cells this process is always regulated by insulin.
?
Which of the following is the most plentiful buffer in the tubular fluid of the kidney collecting duct?
?
Water loss may be reduced by which situations?
Select all that apply.
secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
secretion of aldosterone
secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
stimulation of the hypothalamic thirst center
use of diuretic medication
?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the Anterior pituitary Hypothalamus Cerebral cortex Liver Kidney
?
Where does the Krebs cycle take place? Cytosol Plasma membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus
?
Cardiac muscles can produce ATP from Lactic acid Pyruvic acid Glucose-6-phosphate Proteins Lipids
?
Lipogenesis occurs when (how does mother nature know when to store energy?)
More calories are consumed than required for ATP need
Fewer calories are consumed than required for ATP need
More cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need
Less cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need
Gluconeogenesis fails
?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the metabolic rate and the rate of heat production? Hormones Nervous system Food ingestion Age All of these are factors
?
The primary site for metabolic processing/recycling of ingested materials is the liver kidney heart intestine spleen
liver
Liver cells convert the amino-terminal group of amino acids to protect cells from ammonia :
?
Liver cells convert the amino-terminal group of amino acids to protect cells from ammonia :
Urea into ammonia
Ammonia into lactic acid
Lactic acid into urea
Pyruvic acid into urea
Ammonia into urea
?
PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are
?
Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause Blood pH to drop Alkalosis Respiratory compensation Unequal distribution of water Metabolic alkalosis
A
Which of the following is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35? Isodosis Acidosis Alkalosis Alkalemia None of these choices
b
The Na+ level in blood is controlled by Aldosterone Insulin ATP production Krebs cycle Glucagon
A
Which imbalance results when systemic arterial blood HCO3- levels drop significantly (below 22 mEq/liter)? Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis None of these choices
?
In the absorptive state Storage of energy is important Filtration is important Reabsorption is important Synthesis is important Production of heat is important
/?
In intracellular fluid the most abundant anion is Na+ Cl- K+ HPO42- HCO3-
?
When the terminal phosphate is cut off of ATP what is formed? Adenosine diphosphate GTP Adenosine monophosphate Metabolic water Glucose
A
What type of cells are found in the proximal convoluted tubule? simple squamous simple columnar simple cuboidal stratified squamous stratified cuboidal
c
80% of the extracellular fluid is Plasma Cytosol Interstitial fluid Lymph Bile
A
An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine is called
A
Glomerular capillaries and podocytes together form the glomerular endothelial cells filtration membrane pedicels filtration slits slit membrane
?
Which process describes the synthesis of triglycerides? Gluconeogenesis Lipogenesis Phosphorylation Glycolysis Lipolysis
?
This hormone is released when the blood volume increases beyond normal levels. Parathyroid Hormone Renin ADH Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Aldosterone
?
Which of the following is NOT a postabsorptive state reaction? Breakdown of liver glycogen Lipogenesis Gluconeogenesis using lactic acid Gluconeogenesis using amino acids Protein catabolism
B
This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.
gycogenysis
Which of the following is produced when electrons are accepted by oxygen during cellular respiration? Anions Cations Metabolic water Lipids Carbohydrates
?
How many ATPs can come from substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis?
0
1
2
3
9
2
this is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate in tubules. reabsorption filtration secretion excretion none of these choices
secretion
The two co-factors responsible for hydrogen proton transport in oxidation;reduction type reactions are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin dinucleotide (FAD) .
T #50
Oxidation is the addition of electrons to a substance; Reduction is the removal of electrons from a substance.
F
Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?
glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct
nephron loop, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, collecting duct
ascending limb of loop, PCT, DCT, collecting duct
collecting duct, DCT, PCT, collecting duct, glomerular capsule
PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, collecting duct, nephron loop
A
Which reaction describes the oxidization of acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH + H+ and FADH2?
?
hree molecules of CO2 are produced at the end of the Krebs cycle along with one molecule of ATP.
F
acetyl Co-A is produced after pyruvic acid is modified to form a two-carbon acetyl-group that then has Co-A added to it.
?
Which of the following is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys? Antidiuretic hormone ANP Aldosterone Parathyroid hormone All of these choices
?
Which cells of the kidney are the most important for regulation of pH of body fluids? Glomerular podocytes Principal cells PCT cells DCT cells Intercalated cells
?
The production of ATP is the result of coupling both anabolic and catabolic reactions.
True
False
?
