A&P Exam 3

Question 1

Ch. 6

What are some functions of the skin?

Answer 1

resistance to trauma and infection, is a barrier for water, UV rays, vitamin D synthesis. As well as sensation, thermoregulation, and nonverbal communication.

Question 2

Ch. 6

Skin is made of three main layers. What are they?

Answer 2

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.

Question 3

Ch. 6

Define Epidermis.

Answer 3

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

Ch. 6

What is the deepest epidermal layer?

Answer 4

Stratum basale

Question 5

Ch. 6

What are the five epidermal cell types?

Answer 5

Stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells, dendritic cells

Question 5

Ch. 6

Thick skin is found…

Answer 5

palms of your hand, soles of your feet

Question 6

Ch. 6

How many layers does thick skin have?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

Ch. 6

How many layers does thin skin have?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Ch. 6

Where is thin skin located?

Answer 8

Everywhere besides the palms and soles of your feet.

Question 9

Ch. 6

Define Dermis.

Answer 9

connective tissue layer beneath epidermis

Question 10

Ch. 6

Define Dermal Papillae

Answer 10

upward, finger-like extensions of dermis

Question 11

Ch. 6

Define Papilary Layer within the Dermis

Answer 11

superficial zone of dermis, one of the two layers of the dermis

Question 12

Ch. 6

What kind of tissue is the Papilary layer made of?

Answer 12

loose areolar tissue

Question 13

Ch. 6

Define Reticular Layer within the Dermis.

Answer 13

deeper and thicker layer of the dermis, beneath the papilary layer

Question 14

Ch. 6

What kind of tissue is the Reticular Layer made of?

Answer 14

dense irregular connective tissue.

Question 15

Ch. 6

What is the deepest layer of skin?

Answer 15

hypodermis

Question 16

Ch. 6

What is special about the hypodemis?

Answer 16

it is technically not part of the skin, but included because dermis anchors to it.

Question 17

Ch. 6

Define Melanin.

Answer 17

most significant factor in skin color, produced by melanocytes

Question 18

Ch. 6

What are the two types of pigment in skin?

Answer 18

Eumelanin and Pheomelanin

Question 19

Ch. 6

What other pigments can influence skin color?

Answer 19

Hemoglobin and Carotene

Question 20

Ch. 6

Define Pilus

Answer 20

another name for hair

Question 21

Where do you not find hair?

Answer 21

palms, soles, palmar, plantar, lips, nipples, parts of genitals

Question 22

Ch. 6

Hair can be divised into how many zones along it’s length?

Answer 22

3

Question 23

Ch. 6

What is a bulb?

Answer 23

a division of hair, a swelling at the base where hair originates in dermis or hypodermis.

Question 24

# Ch. 6 What is the dermal papila?

Answer 24

bud of vascular connective tissue encased by bulb | The only source of nutrition for hair

Question 25

# Ch. 6 What is the hair matrix?

Answer 25

region of mitotically active cells immediately above papilla | Hair's growth center

Question 26

# Ch. 6 What are the three layers of hair in a cross section?

Answer 26

medulla, cortex, and cuticle

Question 27

# Ch. 6 What are the three stages of losing your hair?

Answer 27

Anagen, Catagen and Telogen.

Question 28

What are sudoriferous glands?

Answer 28

sweat glands

Question 29

What are the two types of sudorifeous glands?

Answer 29

aprocrine and merocrine

Question 30

What are Myoepithelial cells?

Answer 30

contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic nervous system and squeeze perspiration up the duct

Question 31

What is a sebum?

Answer 31

oily secretion of subaceous glands, keeps skin/hair from becoming dry, brittle

Question 32

What are sebaceous glands?

Answer 32

flask shaped, have short openings into hair folicles

Question 33

What is the most common skin cancer?

Answer 33

basal cell carcinomia

Question 34

What the the three types of skin cancer?

Answer 34

basal cell, squamous cell, malignant melanoma

Question 35

Classify a first-degree burn.

Answer 35

involves only the epidermis, heals in days, regular sunburn

Question 36

Classify a second-degree burn.

Answer 36

"partial thickness" burn, involves part of the dermis, two weeks to several months to heal, may leave scars

Question 37

Classify a third-degree burn.

Answer 37

"full thickness" burn, involves epidermis and all of the dermis, often some deeper tissues.

Question 38

Are UVA rays tanning or burning rays?

Answer 38

tanning rays

Question 39

Third-degree burns often require...

Answer 39

a skin graft

Question 40

Define Autograft

Answer 40

tissue taken from another location off a person's body

Question 41

Define Split-skin graft

Answer 41

taking the epidermis and part of the dermis from an undamaged area

Question 42

Define Isograft

Answer 42

skin from an identical twin

Question 43

Define Homograft

Answer 43

skin from an unrelated person

Question 44

Define Heterograft

Answer 44

skin from another species

Question 45

What are some functions of the skeleton? (6)

Answer 45

support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, blood formation

Question 46

What are the 5 different bone shapes/classifications?

Answer 46

flat, long, short, sesamoid, irregular

Question 47

Define compact bone

Answer 47

dense outer shell of bone

Question 48

Define cancellous (spongy) bone

Answer 48

loosely organized bone tissue

Question 49

Define nutrient foramina

Answer 49

minute holes in bone surface that allows blood vessels to penetrate

Question 50

What is bone?

Answer 50

connective tissue that consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance

Question 51

What are the four principal types of bone cells?

Answer 51

osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 52

Define bone marrow

Answer 52

soft tissue occupying marrow cavities of long bones and small spaces of spongy bones

Question 53

What are the two methods of developing bones?

Answer 53

intramembranous and ednochondral ossification

Question 54

What are the two types of bone marrow?

Answer 54

Yellow and Red