A&P Chapter 7: Cell Growth and Development Study Guide Flashcards
- Protein synthesis:
a. is required for cell growth.
b. begins with reading of the genetic “master code”
in the cell’s DNA.
c. influences all cell structures and functions.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above
Answer on p. 121
- In pairs forms a(n):
a. codon.
b. anticodon.
c. polymerase.
d. none of the above.
a. codon
Answer on p. 121
- Transcription can best be described as the:
a. synthesis of DNA.
b. synthesis of any RNA molecule.
c. reading of any mRNA codons by tRNA.
d. entire set of DNA.
b. synthesis of any RNA molecule.
Answer on p. 128
- Which of the following statements is true?
a. Complex polypeptide chains form tRNA.
b. The site of transcription is within the nucleus,
whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
c. Uracil is present in DNA in the place of
thymine.
d. None of the above is true.
b. The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
Answer on p. 124
- A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except:
a. double-helix shape.
b. obligatory base pairing.
c. ribose sugar.
d. phosphate groups.
c. ribose sugar.
Answer on p. 121
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of RNA?
a. It is single-stranded.
b. It contains uracil, not thymine.
c. The obligatory base pairs are adenine-uracil and
guanine-cytosine.
d. Its molecules are larger than those of DNA.
d. Its molecules are larger than those of DNA.
Answer on p. 122
- Nucleic acids are synthesized directly on the DNA molecule with the help of:
a. enzymes.
b. prophase.
c. neoplasms.
d. lipids.
a. enzymes
Answer on p. 127
- ______ Process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides.
a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair
e. transcription
Answer on p. 123
- ______ The type of RNA that carries information in groups of three nucleotides called codons, each of which codes for a specific amino acid
a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair
a. mRNA
Answer on p. 123
- ______ The type of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a base pair–specific amino acid
a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair
c. tRNA
Answers on p. 123
- ______ The process involving the movement of mRNA with respect to the ribosome
a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair
d. translation
Answer on p. 123
- ______ Uracil-adenine
a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair
f. complementary base pairs
Answer on p. 122
- ______ The site of translation
a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair
b. ribosome
Answer on p. 124
- The correct order of mitosis is:
a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
b. anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase.
c. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase.
d. none of the above.
a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
Answer on p. 129
- The total of 46 chromosomes per cell is referred to as:
a. haploid.
b. diploid.
c. myoid.
d. none of the above.
b. diploid.
Answer on p. 131
- A type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells is:
a. mitosis.
b. meiosis.
c. gamete.
d. differentiation.
b. meiosis.
Answer on p. 131
- Splitting of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm into two during cell reproduction is called:
a. mitosis.
b. meiosis.
c. anaphase.
d. cytokinesis.
d. cytokinesis.
Answer on p. 129
- Cell reproduction is sometimes referred to as the:
a. A phase.
b. R phase.
c. M phase.
d. X phase.
c. M phase.
Answer on p. 128
Fill in the blanks.
24. The phase of mitosis known as the completion phase is _________________.
- telophase
Answer on p. 130
Fill in the blanks.
25. The phase of mitosis known as the apart phase is _________________.
- anaphase
Answer on p. 130
Fill in the blanks.
26. The position-changing phase of mitosis is _________________.
- metaphase
Answer on p. 130
Fill in the blanks.
27. When a cell is not experiencing mitosis and is “between phases,” it is said to be in _________________.
interphase
Answer on p. 129
Fill in the blanks.
28. When a cell begins to divide, it is said to be in the before phase, or _____________.
prophase
Answer on p. 129
True or False
29. ______ Atrophy refers to a decrease in cell size.
True
Answer on p. 132
True or False
30. ______ Genetic disorders are mutations in a cell’s
genetic code.
True
Answer on p. 133
True or False
31. ______ Cell death due to injury or a pathologic
condition is known as necrosis.
True
Answer on p. 132
True or False
32. ______ Viruses do not contain DNA or RNA.
False
Answer on p. 133
True or False
33. ______ A blood disease caused by the production of abnormal hemoglobin is known as sickle cell anemia.
True
Answer on p. 133
- The genetic code for a particular protein is passed from DNA to mRNA by a process known as:
a. transcription.
b. translation.
c. interphase.
d. genome.
a. transcription
Answer on p. 122
- If a strand of DNA has a base sequence of AGGC, the complementary pair for that strand will be:
a. TCCG.
b. CCTG.
c. TTCG.
d. TUUG.
a. TCCG
Answer on p. 121
- The spindle fibers attach to each chromatid during which stage of mitosis?
a. prophase
b. anaphase
c. telophase
d. metaphase
d. metaphase
Answer on p. 130
- Which of the following is not true of RNA?
a. It is a single strand.
b. It contains uracil rather than thymine.
c. The base pairs are adenine and uracil and
guanine and cytosine.
d. It contains deoxyribose sugar.
d. It contains deoxyribose sugar.
Answer on p. 122
- During which stage of mitosis does the cleavage furrow begin to develop?
a. prophase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase
d. telophase
c. anaphase
Answer on p. 130
- All of the DNA in each cell of the body is called the:
a. tissue typing.
b. genome.
c. gene.
d. genetic code.
b. genome.
Answer on p. 126
- If the sequence of bases in a nucleic acid were AUCGA, which of the following statements would be true?
a. The nucleic acid would contain deoxyribose.
b. It is a strand of DNA.
c. It is a strand of RNA.
d. It will remain in the nucleus of the cell.
c. It is a strand of RNA.
Answer on p. 122
- In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cells along the spindle fibers?
a. anaphase
b. metaphase
c. prophase
d. telophase
a. anaphase.
Answer on p. 130
- The synthesis of proteins by ribosomes using information coded in the mRNA molecule is called:
a. translation.
b. transcription.
c. replication.
d. crenation.
a, translation.
Answer on p. 123
- Translation can be inhibited or prevented by a process called:
a. cytokinesis.
b. cell division.
c. RNA interference.
d. meiosis.
c. RNA interference
Answer on p. 125
Fill in the Blanks
51. The DNA molecular structure allows only two combinations of bases to occur. This is known as _____________ ____________ ______________.
obligatory base pairing
Answer on p. 121
Fill in the Blanks
52. The complete set of proteins synthesized by a cell is called the _______________ of the cell.
proteome
Answer on p. 126
Fill in the Blanks
53. The shape of a DNA molecule is referred to as a ________________ ________________.
double helix
Answer on p. 121
Fill in the Blanks
54. ________________ is the type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells.
Meiosis
Answer on p. 131
Fill in the Blanks
55. Mature sex cells are called ___________________.
gametes
Answer on p. 131
