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flashcardlet > A&P Ch 6 > Flashcards

A&P Ch 6 Flashcards

the integumentary system

1
Q

functions of the skin

A

resistance to trauma and infection, barrier functions, vitamin d synthesis, sensation, thermoregulation, nonverbal communication

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2
Q

resistance to trauma & infection

A

protein (keratin). intercellular junction (desmosomes). low pH (from sweat glands). bacteriocides (from sebaceous glands). dermal macrophages, leukocytes (white blood cells)

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3
Q

barrier functions

A

water conservation (keep h2o from leaving). uv protection. allows transdermal drug administration (fat soluble vitamins, steroids, toxins, nicotine, testosterone, birth control, hydrocortisone, vitamin e cream.)

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4
Q

sensation

A

temperature, pressure, light touch, vibration. receptors in all 3 layers of the skin

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5
Q

thermoregulation

A

thermoreceptors->control center(hyp)->vasodilation/constriction & sweating (skin=effector)

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6
Q

non verbal communication

A

facial expressions, acne, birthmark, scar or bad hair day

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7
Q

epidermis cells

A

stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells, dendritic cells

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8
Q

stem cells

A

undergo mitosis in the str. basale

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9
Q

keratinocyte cells

A

most abundant cell type of the epidermis. undergo mitosis in the str. basale and spinosum. synthesize keratin, contain melanin

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10
Q

melanocyte cells

A

synthesize melanin in str. basale

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11
Q

tactile cells

A

receptors of touch

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12
Q

dendritic cells

A

macrophages. white blood cells

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13
Q

layers of the epidermis

A

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

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14
Q

basale layer

A

stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells, dendritic cells

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15
Q

spinosum layer

A

keratinocytes. some mitosis in deepest layer. cells held together by desmosomes. thickest layer in skin

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16
Q

granulosum layer

A

keratinocytes. keratin is synthesized. lipids are secreted. keratinocytes die in the layer

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17
Q

lucidum layer

A

dead keratinocytes. thin translucent layer in thick skin only.

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18
Q

corneum layer

A

dead keratinocytes. thickest layer in thick skin (soles of feet & palms of hands.). strong layer of dead cells

19
Q

life history of a keratinocyte

A

born in stratum basale. live in bottom 3 layers. die in stratum granulosum. before death keratin and eleiden are made for water conservation. skeletons in stratum lucidum(in thick skin) and stratum corneum (thicker in thick skin)

20
Q

the dermis

A

consists of fibrous connective tissue. areolar and dense irregular. also contains accessory structures of the skin. blood vessels to supply nutrients and remove wastes. nerves and receptors to provide sensation. glands to secrete sweat and oils. hair follicles for warmth, social, sensory functions. varies in thickness in different body regions. dermal papillae push into dermis, resist slippage.

21
Q

dermis layers

A

papillary, reticular

22
Q

papillary layer

A

superficial, 1/5 of dermis, includes dermal papilla. composed of areolar tissue

23
Q

reticular layer

A

deep. 4/5 of the dermis. composed of dense irregular tissue. stretch marks invade this deep

24
Q

hypodermis

A

not considered part of the skin. composed of adipose and areolar tissue. site of subQ injections. protection, insulation, energy source

25
Q

pigments responsible for skin colour

A

hemoglobin(red), melanin(brown), carotene(orange), collagen(white)

26
Q

cyanosis

A

blue, due to lack of oxygen

27
Q

erythema

A

red due to increased blood flow

28
Q

pallor

A

pale due to lack of blood flow

29
Q

albinism

A

white due to genetic lack of melanin

30
Q

jaundice

A

increase in bilirubin due to decrease in liver function

31
Q

hematoma

A

bruising due to clotted blood

32
Q

friction ridges

A

finger ridges, allow for fine control

33
Q

flexion lines

A

skin attachment to underlying fascia

34
Q

freckles

A

patches of melanised skin

35
Q

moles

A

elevated freckles

36
Q

hemangiomas

A

birthmark, bening tumour of dermal capillaries

37
Q

types & distribution of hair

A

lanugo, vellus, terminal

38
Q

lanugo

A

fetus

39
Q

vellus

A

fine, unpigmented hair. all of childrens, most of womens

40
Q

terminal

A

longer, coarser, pigmented hair, cover most of males body

41
Q

structure of hair and nails

A

hair is dead except for hair matrix above the dermal papilla. pilo erector muscles raise hair with sns stimulation (hot or cold). colour is due to proportion of eumelanin(brown)ot o pheomelanin(red

42
Q

nails

A

originate from str. corneum. mitosis occurs in nail matrix, nail groove must be scrubbed well during hand washing

43
Q

ceruminous glands

A

cerumen = sebum + dead cells. waterproofing function

44
Q

mammary glands

A

breasts, present in everyone. mammary glands are modified apocrine sweat glands that develop only during pregnancy

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