A&P atlas A Flashcards
general orientation to human anatomy
supinated
palm forward
pronated
palm backward
sagittal (mid saggital)
passes vertical and divides body into right & left
frontal (coronal)
passes vertical and divides body into anterior front and posterior back
transverse
passes horizontal and divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)
anatomical planes
sagittal (midsagittal), frontal (coronal), transverse
directional terms
ventral/dorsal = anterior/posterior = belly/back superior/inferior = above/below medial/lateral = middle/side proximal/distal = close/far superficial/deep = closer to the body surface/farther from the body surface
ventral/dorsal
anterior/posterior = belly/back
superior/inferior
above/below
medial/lateral
middle/side
proximal/distal
close/far
superficial/deep
close/far from body surface
major body regions
axial, appendicular
axial
head, neck, trunk
appendicular
upper extremity, lower extremity
head
cephalic, facial, cranial
neck
cervical, nuchal
trunk
thoracic, abdominal
thoracic
sternal, pectoral, interscapular, vertebral
abdominal
4 quadrants used to describe abdominal pain, 9 regions, umbilical, lumbar
9 abdominal regions
epigastric (middle top), umbilical (middle, middle), hypogastric (middle bottom), hypochondriac (upper right), lumbar (middle right), inguinal (bottom right), subcoastal line (top horizontal), intertubercular (bottom horizontal), midclavicular (vertical)
4 quadrants
right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
upper extremity
acromial, axillary, brachial, cubital, antebrachial, carpal, palmar, scapular
lower extremity
pubic, perineal, coxal, femoral, patellar, crural, tarsal, pedal, dorsum, plantar surface, popliteal, calcaneal
cranial cavity
encloses the brain
vertebral canal
encloses the spine
meninges
coverings over nervous system
thoracic cavity
mediastinum, pleural
mediastinum
separates pleural cavities. contains heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, thymus
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal and pelvic cavities
abdominal cavity
lies superior t o pelvic brim. organs within this cavity that are not covered with peritoneum are retroperitoneal
pelvic cavity
contains bladder and reproductive organs
potential spaces
two membranes pressed firmly together. ex, pleural cavity: non-pregnant uterus
integument system
protection, thermoregulation
skeletal system
support, movement
muscular system
stability, control of body openings
nervous system
rapid internal communication
endocrine system
hormone production, coordination
circulatory system
distribution of nutrients
lymphatic system
defense
respiratory system
absorption of oxygen
urinary system
excretion
digestive system
nutrient breakdown and absorption
reproductive system
reproduction