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A&P Ch 5 Flashcards

Histology

1
Q

primary tissue classes

A

epithelium, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscular tissue

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2
Q

epithelial classes

A

simple, cuboidal, pseudostratified columnar, stratified

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3
Q

epithelial cell shapes

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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4
Q

simple squamous

A

f= diffusion l=endothelium, alveoli, organ coverings

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5
Q

stratified squamous keratinized

A

f= protection, h2o conservation l=outer layer of skin

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6
Q

stratified squamous non-keratinized

A

f=protection l= one step into the body, vagina, anus, mouth, urethra, “sweaty sex”

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7
Q

simple cuboidal

A

f= absorption, secretion l= kidney tubules, bronchioles

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8
Q

stratified cuboidal

A

f= sweat production, production of sperm & eggs l= sweat glands, ovaries & testes

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9
Q

simple columnar

A

f= absorption, secretion l= intestines

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10
Q

simple pseudostratified

A

f= secrete & propel mucus l= trachea

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11
Q

stratified transitional

A

f= stretch to hold urine l= bladder & urethra

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12
Q

epithelial

A

composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces, form glands, and serve for protection, secretion, and absorption. found in the epidermis, inner lining of the digestive tract, liver and other glands

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13
Q

connective

A

more matrix than cell volume, specialized to support, bind and protect organs, found in the tendons, ligaments, cartilage and bone and blood

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14
Q

nervous

A

contains excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of coded information to other cells, found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

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15
Q

muscular

A

tissue composed of elongated, excitable muscle cells specialized for contraction. found in skeletal muscles, heart (cardiac muscle), walls of viscera (smooth muscle)

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16
Q

tissue sections

A

longitudinal, cross sections, oblique sections

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17
Q

longitudinal sections

A

length ways

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18
Q

cross sections

A

cut straight across

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19
Q

oblique sections

A

cut on a slant

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20
Q

connective tissue classification

A

fibrous, adipose, cartilage, bone, fluid

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21
Q

fibrous connective tissue classification

A

loose and dense

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22
Q

loose connective tissue classification

A

areolar and reticular

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23
Q

dense connective tissue classification

A

regular, irregular, elastic

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24
Q

cartilage classification

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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25
Q

bone classification

A

spongy and compact

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26
Q

fluid classification

A

blood

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27
Q

connective tissue

A

more gs than cells, many fibres. bonds organs(collagen), movement, support(bone & fibrous), storage (energy & calcium), physical protection(adipose), heat production(adipose), immune(blood), transport(blood)

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28
Q

fibrous connective tissue cells

A

fibroblasts, blood cells, adipocytes

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29
Q

fibroblast cells

A

produce fibres (collagen) and gs

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30
Q

blood cells

A

transport, immune function, phagocytosis, allergic reactions

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31
Q

adipocyte cells

A

fat storage

32
Q

fibrous connective tissue fibres

A

collagen, reticular, elastic, matrix/gs

33
Q

collagen fibres

A

tough, flexible, resist stretching, come in different sizes depending on the tissue

34
Q

reticular fibres

A

thin collagen fibres

35
Q

elastic fibres

A

thin, allows recoil of lungs and arteries

36
Q

matrix/gs/extracellular fluid

A

adhesively glycoproteins, proteoglycans

37
Q

loose areolar tissue

A

irregular collagen fibres, found in dermis, mucus and serous membranes, bind tissues. hold tissues together

38
Q

loose reticular tissue

A

blood soaked sponge, found in lymph and spleen. framework of lymph organs

39
Q

dense regular tissue

A

collagen fibres in parallel bundles. found in tendons and ligaments. resists stress in predictable directions

40
Q

dense irregular tissue

A

collagen fibres in irregular bundles. found in dermis, organ capsules, bind tissue. resists stress in unpredictable directions

41
Q

dense elastic tissue

A

elastic fibres, found in large and medium arteries. function is to stretch and recoil.

42
Q

adipose tissue

A

cells full of triglycerides. little ecm. found in subcutaneous, around organs, within organs in obese people

43
Q

cartilage tissue

A

cells are chondrocytes(collagen) in lacunae. few blood vessels, classification based on fibres

44
Q

hyaline cartiflage

A

fine collagen fibres (invisible), cells are chondrocytes in lacunae. foundin trachea, costal cartilages, ends of long bones. flexible support.

45
Q

elastic cartilage

A

elastic fibres, cells are chondrocytes in lacunae. found in ears and epiglottis. provide flexible support, stretch & recoil

46
Q

fibrocartilage

A

bundles of collagen fibres like dense connective tissue. cells are chondrocytes in lacunae. found in pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs. shock absorber

47
Q

compact bone

A

covers all bones and forms shaft of long bones. cells are osteocytes organized in osteons. 2/3 mineral(calcium) matrix, 1/3 organic collagen. lots of blood vessels. highly vascularized, unlike cartilage

48
Q

spongy bone

A

present in all other bones and heads of long bones. allows bones to be lightweight

49
Q

blood

A

cells are erythrocytes(red) and leukocytes(white). matrix is blood plasma.

50
Q

nervous tissue

A

neurons + glial cells (including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells)

51
Q

skeletal muscular tissue

A

has striations, multiple nuclei, long threadlike cell. voluntary control. no gap junctions. functions in movement, expression, urination

52
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

A

has striations, 1 nuclei per cell, short cells, involuntary movement, has gap junctions, functions in blood pumping

53
Q

smooth muscle tissue

A

no striations, 1 nuclei per cell, fusiform cell shape. involuntary movement. has gap junctions. functions in swallowing

54
Q

intercellular junctions

A

tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions

55
Q

tight junctions

A

join adjacent cells tightly to prevent fluid seepage. bladder and stomach

56
Q

desmosomes

A

spot weld, resist mechanical stress. epithelial cells, cardiac muscle

57
Q

gap junctions

A

pore joining cytoplasm of adjeacent cells. allows fast communication between cells. neurons, cardiac, and smooth muscle

58
Q

glands

A

exocrine, endocrine, mixed, unicellular

59
Q

exocrine

A

secretes into duct/tubes. sweat glands, tear glands

60
Q

endocrine

A

secretes into blood. hypothalamus, pituitary

61
Q

mixed

A

liver is exocrine(bile) and endocrine(albumin) gland. pancreas is exocrine(digestive enzymes) and endocrine(insulin) gland

62
Q

unicellular

A

goblet cells(secrete musuc)

63
Q

types of secretion

A

serous, mucous, mixed, cytogenic

64
Q

serous

A

watery. merocrine sweat gland

65
Q

mucous

A

sticky/thick. boogies.

66
Q

mixed

A

serous+mucous (not eating/eating). salivary glands

67
Q

cytogenic

A

sperm and eggs

68
Q

methods of secretion

A

merocrine, holocrine, apocrine

69
Q

merocine

A

exocytosis. oancrease, tear glands, merocrine sweat glands(watery)

70
Q

holocrine

A

whole cell disintegrates. sebaceous(oil) glands

71
Q

apocrine

A

appears to be in between but actually merocrine. apocrine sweat glands(thick & stinky). axillary, anus, groin

72
Q

membranes

A

cutaneous, mucous, serous, endothelium

73
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin. stratified squamous epithelium + areolar + dense irregular. resist dehydration. protection.

74
Q

mucous membrane

A

epithelium +areolar connective tissue + muscularis mucosae smooth muscle. lines passages, absorption, secretion and protection. digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts.

75
Q

serous membrane(serosa)

A

simple squamous epithelium = mesothelium. + areolar. produces watery serous fluid. lines body cavities or covers organs. pleura, pericardium, peritoneum.

76
Q

endothelium membrane

A

lining of interior blood vessels and heart cavities. simple squamous epithelium

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