A&P

Question 1

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 1

Corpus callosum

Question 2

Name the 2 layers of matter

Answer 2

Outer and inner

Question 3

What makes up the outer layer of matter?

Answer 3

Grey matter and cerebral cortex

Question 4

What makes up the inner layer of matter

Answer 4

White matter

Question 5

What is contained in the grey matter?

Answer 5

Sulcus/sulcus: grooves
Gurus/Gyri: ridges
Fissures: deep grooves that divide lobes

Question 6

What is contained in the white matter?

Answer 6

Nerve fibers (axons) sheathed in myelin

Question 7

Name the lobes of the brain

Answer 7

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Question 8

What is dura matter?

Answer 8

Outermost meningeal layer
-Inner layer of dura
+ thick, epidural space is between inner and outer layers
-Outer layer of dura
+ equivalent to the periosteum of the skull bones

Question 9

What is the Arachnoid

Answer 9

• Separated by the dura matter by the subdural space.
• Thin membrane that encompasses the brain and spinal meninges
• Contains various sizes of blood vessels

Question 10

What makes up the brain meninges?

Answer 10

Dura matter
Arachnoid
Pics matter

Question 11

What is the Pia matter?

Answer 11

• Separated from the arachnoid by the subarachnoid layer where CSF flows
• Vascular, innermost layer that covers the entire brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Name the components of the Parietal lobe

Answer 12

Anterior parietal
Left parietal
Right parietal

Question 13

Where is the parietal lobe located?

Answer 13

Top of the head

Question 14

What is the anterior parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 14

Primary sensory cortex

Ability to process sensory input (touch, pressure, vibration)

Question 15

What is the L parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 15

The ability to comprehend numbers and object manipulation in space

Question 16

What is the R parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 16

Ability to determine body position in relation to surrounding objects

Question 17

Where is the occipital lobe located?

Answer 17

Posterior to the parietal lobe in the back of the head

Question 18

What does the occipital lobe do?

Answer 18

Visual-spatial perception
Color recognition
Motion perception
Involuntary smooth eye movements
Fixation reflex

Interpretation of visual sensory signals

Question 19

Where is the temporal lobe located?

Answer 19

On either side of the brain, near the ears, separated from the other lobes by the lateral sulcus (sylvian fissures)

Question 20

What does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 20

-Primary auditory cortex
-Intellectual ability and personality aspects such as tastes in music, art, experiences
-Receptive speech (Wernicke’s area in the primary auditory cortex)
-Memory
-Smell interpretation
Coding visual memory
Language comprehension

Question 21

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 21

Responsible for movement coordination, maintaining balance, and position sense

Question 22

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 22

• Controls signals between pons and spinal cord
• Coordinates posture, balance, muscle tone, and voluntary muscle activity
• Affects general language and cognition

Question 23

What are the parts of the brainstem?

Answer 23

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 24

Midbrain

Answer 24

• Top of the brainstem near the thalamus
• Coordinates eye movement
• Origin of cranial nerves III (oculomotor) and IV (trochlear)
• Maintains CV and respiratory functions

Question 25

Where is the pons?

Answer 25

Middle of the brainstem- fat bulging part

Question 26

What does the pons do?

Answer 26

- Origin of CN V- VIII - relay center. Controls signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum - Maintains respiratory drive, balance, sleep - Contains the reticular formation which maintains consciousness

Question 27

What is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 27

- Connects to spinal cord at foramen magnum - Origin of CN XII, IX , X, XI - Controls HR, RR, balance, vomiting, cough, sneeze, swallow, and other digestive functions.

Question 28

What is the diencephalon?

Answer 28

Grey matter structures between the r/l hemispheres

Question 29

What structures make up the diencephalon

Answer 29

Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary gland

Question 30

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 30

- Controls signals to and from cerebral cortex and brainstem | - Affects LOC, hearing, vision, taste, and other bodily sensations (heat, pain, pressure)

Question 31

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 31

- Coordinates autonomic nervous system with endocrine function - affects temp, BP, sleep, hunger/thirst, and sexual behavior

Question 32

What does the pituitary gland do?

Answer 32

- it’s located under the hypothalamus | - master gland and affects many other glands

Question 33

What does the pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 33

Anterior pituitary hormones | Posterior pituitary hormones

Question 34

Anterior pituitary hormones are responsible for

Answer 34

``` Metabolism Lactation Ovulation Growth Immune function Gluconeogenesis BP ```

Question 35

Posterior pituitary hormones are responsible for

Answer 35

Labor Delivery Lactation BP

Question 36

What does the basal ganglia do?

Answer 36

- Controls signals between the primary cortex and the brainstem - coordinates movements - Voluntary muscle movement

Question 37

What is the brainstem

Answer 37

Most primitive part of brain. Autonomic reflexes Fight or flight

Question 38

Anatomy of a Nerve cell

Answer 38

Cell body Axon covered by myelin sheath Dendrites

Question 39

What is contained in the grey matter?

Answer 39

The neuron cell body

Question 40

What does the limbic system do?

Answer 40

Coding memory and emotion

Question 41

Where is the motor cortex and what does it do?

Answer 41

Located at the junction of the parietal and frontal lobe. | It is responsible for muscle contraction

Question 42

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 42

Movement | Behavior

Question 43

Where and what is Wernicke’s area

Answer 43

Lies at the temporoparietal area | Responsible for language comprehension

Question 44

What and where is Broca’s area

Answer 44

Responsible for speech production and is located in the frontal lobe

Question 45

What is the amygdala

Answer 45

Management of stress, rage, and anxiety | Emotional amplifier