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SCRN > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain?

A

Corpus callosum

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2
Q

Name the 2 layers of matter

A

Outer and inner

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3
Q

What makes up the outer layer of matter?

A

Grey matter and cerebral cortex

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4
Q

What makes up the inner layer of matter

A

White matter

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5
Q

What is contained in the grey matter?

A

Sulcus/sulcus: grooves
Gurus/Gyri: ridges
Fissures: deep grooves that divide lobes

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6
Q

What is contained in the white matter?

A

Nerve fibers (axons) sheathed in myelin

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7
Q

Name the lobes of the brain

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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8
Q

What is dura matter?

A

Outermost meningeal layer
-Inner layer of dura
+ thick, epidural space is between inner and outer layers
-Outer layer of dura
+ equivalent to the periosteum of the skull bones

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9
Q

What is the Arachnoid

A
  • Separated by the dura matter by the subdural space.
  • Thin membrane that encompasses the brain and spinal meninges
  • Contains various sizes of blood vessels
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10
Q

What makes up the brain meninges?

A

Dura matter
Arachnoid
Pics matter

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11
Q

What is the Pia matter?

A
  • Separated from the arachnoid by the subarachnoid layer where CSF flows
  • Vascular, innermost layer that covers the entire brain and spinal cord
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12
Q

Name the components of the Parietal lobe

A

Anterior parietal
Left parietal
Right parietal

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13
Q

Where is the parietal lobe located?

A

Top of the head

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14
Q

What is the anterior parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Primary sensory cortex

Ability to process sensory input (touch, pressure, vibration)

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15
Q

What is the L parietal lobe responsible for?

A

The ability to comprehend numbers and object manipulation in space

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16
Q

What is the R parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Ability to determine body position in relation to surrounding objects

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17
Q

Where is the occipital lobe located?

A

Posterior to the parietal lobe in the back of the head

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18
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A 
Visual-spatial perception
Color recognition
Motion perception
Involuntary smooth eye movements
Fixation reflex

Interpretation of visual sensory signals

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19
Q

Where is the temporal lobe located?

A

On either side of the brain, near the ears, separated from the other lobes by the lateral sulcus (sylvian fissures)

20
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

-Primary auditory cortex
-Intellectual ability and personality aspects such as tastes in music, art, experiences
-Receptive speech (Wernicke’s area in the primary auditory cortex)
-Memory
-Smell interpretation
Coding visual memory
Language comprehension

21
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

Responsible for movement coordination, maintaining balance, and position sense

22
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A
  • Controls signals between pons and spinal cord
  • Coordinates posture, balance, muscle tone, and voluntary muscle activity
  • Affects general language and cognition
23
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

24
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Top of the brainstem near the thalamus
  • Coordinates eye movement
  • Origin of cranial nerves III (oculomotor) and IV (trochlear)
  • Maintains CV and respiratory functions
25
Q

Where is the pons?

A

Middle of the brainstem- fat bulging part

26
Q

What does the pons do?

A
  • Origin of CN V- VIII
  • relay center. Controls signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum
  • Maintains respiratory drive, balance, sleep
  • Contains the reticular formation which maintains consciousness
27
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A
  • Connects to spinal cord at foramen magnum
  • Origin of CN XII, IX , X, XI
  • Controls HR, RR, balance, vomiting, cough, sneeze, swallow, and other digestive functions.
28
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

Grey matter structures between the r/l hemispheres

29
Q

What structures make up the diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland

30
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A
  • Controls signals to and from cerebral cortex and brainstem

- Affects LOC, hearing, vision, taste, and other bodily sensations (heat, pain, pressure)

31
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A
  • Coordinates autonomic nervous system with endocrine function
  • affects temp, BP, sleep, hunger/thirst, and sexual behavior
32
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A
  • it’s located under the hypothalamus

- master gland and affects many other glands

33
Q

What does the pituitary gland secrete?

A

Anterior pituitary hormones

Posterior pituitary hormones

34
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones are responsible for

A 
Metabolism
Lactation
Ovulation
Growth
Immune function
Gluconeogenesis
BP
35
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones are responsible for

A

Labor
Delivery
Lactation
BP

36
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A
  • Controls signals between the primary cortex and the brainstem
  • coordinates movements
  • Voluntary muscle movement
37
Q

What is the brainstem

A

Most primitive part of brain.
Autonomic reflexes
Fight or flight

38
Q

Anatomy of a Nerve cell

A

Cell body
Axon covered by myelin sheath
Dendrites

39
Q

What is contained in the grey matter?

A

The neuron cell body

40
Q

What does the limbic system do?

A

Coding memory and emotion

41
Q

Where is the motor cortex and what does it do?

A

Located at the junction of the parietal and frontal lobe.

It is responsible for muscle contraction

42
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Movement

Behavior

43
Q

Where and what is Wernicke’s area

A

Lies at the temporoparietal area

Responsible for language comprehension

44
Q

What and where is Broca’s area

A

Responsible for speech production and is located in the frontal lobe

45
Q

What is the amygdala

A

Management of stress, rage, and anxiety

Emotional amplifier

SCRN (26 decks)

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