A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY: 3.3.3: Halogenoalkanes (ChemRevise)

Question 1

Halogenoalkanes:

Answer 1

Halogenoalkanes are Alkanes with a Halogen Functional Group (eg C-Cl, C-Br, C-I)

Question 2

Halogenoalkanes can be classified as…
what does it depend on?

Answer 2

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

depending on the number of Carbon Atoms attached to the C-Halogen Functional Group

Question 3

Primary Halogenoalkane:

Answer 3

one carbon attached to the C-Halogen functional group

Question 4

Secondary Halogenoalkane:

Answer 4

two carbons attached to the C-Halogen functional group

Question 5

Tertiary Halogenoalkane:

Answer 5

three carbons attached to the C-Halogen functional group

Question 6

Halogenoalkanes undergo either ___ or ___ reactions.

Answer 6

Substitution, Elimination

Question 7

Organic reactions are classified by their…

Answer 7

Mechanisms

Question 8

Nucleophilic Substitution…

Answer 8

swapping a Halogen atom for another atom or group of atoms.

Question 9

Nucleophile:

Answer 9

electron pair doner

Question 10

:Nu represents any ___. they always have a ___ ___, & act as…

Answer 10

Nucleophile, Lone Pair, electron pair doner

Question 11

Hydrolysis:

Answer 11

Hydrolysis is defined as the splitting of a molecule (in this case a halogenoalkane) by a reaction with Water

Question 12

Aqueous silver nitrate is added to a halogenoalkane. the halide leaving group combines with a silver ion to form a…

Answer 12

silver halide precipitate

Question 13

how is a Silver Halide Precipitate formed?

Answer 13

Aqueous silver nitrate is added to a halogenoalkane. the halide leaving group combines with a silver ion to form a Silver Halide Precipitate.

Question 14

the faster the Aqueous Silver Nitrate Precipitate is formed, the faster the ___ reaction, & the more ___ the halogenoalkane.

Answer 14

Substitution, Reactive

Question 15

colour of AgI precipitate:

Answer 15

yellow

Question 16

colour of AgBr precipitate:

Answer 16

cream

Question 17

colour of AgCl precipitate:

Answer 17

white

Question 18

Nucleophilic Substitution with aqueous hydroxide ions involves a change in functional group, from ___ to ___.

Answer 18

halogenoalkane, alcohol

Question 19

Conditions for Nucleophilic Substitution with aqueous hydroxide ions:

Answer 19

in aqueous solution, warm.

Question 20

what happens in Nucleophilic Substitution with aqueous hydroxide ions when the solvent is changed to ethanol?

Answer 20

an elimination reaction occurs

Question 21

Elimination:

Answer 21

removal of small molecule (often water) from the organic molecule

Question 22

Primary halogenoalkanes tend towards…

Answer 22

substitution

Question 23

Tertiary halogenoalkanes tend towards…

Answer 23

elimination

Question 24

Chloroalkanes & chlorofluoroalkanes can be used as…

Answer 24

solvents

Question 25

Many of the uses of halogenoalkanes (eg in fridges) have now been stopped. why?

Answer 25

due to toxicity to the atmosphere

Question 26

naturally occurring ozone layer:

Answer 26

O3

Question 27

Ozone in the lower atmosphere is a ___ & contributes towards the formation of...

Answer 27

pollutant, smog

Question 28

man-made ___ caused a hole to form in the ozone layer.

Answer 28

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)

Question 29

Chlorine ___ are formed in the upper atmosphere when energy from ___ ___ causes C-Cl bonds in CFCs to break.

Answer 29

radicals, UV Light

Question 30

Chlorine free radical atoms ___ the decomposition of ozone.

Answer 30

catalyse

Question 31

the C-F bond is ___ than the C-Cl bond, & is not affected by...

Answer 31

stronger, UV light