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Chemistry > A Level Caw > Flashcards

A Level Caw Flashcards

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1
Q

How many electrons are in a s orbital?

A

2

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2
Q

How many electrons are in a p orbital?

A

6

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3
Q

How many electrons are in a d orbital?

A

10

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4
Q

How many electrons are in a f orbital?

A

12

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5
Q

What shape are s orbitals?

A

Spherical

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6
Q

What shapes are p orbitals?

A

Dumbbelll

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7
Q

What shapes are d orbitals?

A

There’re five

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8
Q

What shape is a molecule with 2 double bonds?

Bond angle?

A

Linear

180

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9
Q

What shape and angle with three single bonds?

A

Trigonal planar

120

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10
Q

What shape and angle with 4 single bonds?

A

Tetrahedral

109.5

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11
Q

5 single bonds?

A

Trigonal bipyramidal

90 and 120

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12
Q

3 single bonds and 1 lone pair?

A

Trigonal pyramidal

107.5

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13
Q

2 single and 2 Lone pairs?

A

Bent linear

104.5

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14
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The attraction that each bonded atom has for the pair of electrons in the covalent bond

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15
Q

What is a permanent dipole?

A

When the electrons in a covalent bond are shared unequally resulting in charges at each end

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16
Q

What happens when the electronegativity difference is higher?

A

The ionic character is greater

17
Q

What happens when the electronegativities are more similar?

A

The covalent characteristics are greater

18
Q

When do dipoles cancel out?

A

When the molecule is symmetrical

19
Q

What are induced dipole interactions?

A

When electron density fluctuates, 1 end becomes negative. The attraction between these temporary dipoles

20
Q

What are permanent dipole interactions?

A

When to dipoles attract

21
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

Strong permanent dipole interactions

22
Q

What must there be for a hydrogen bond to occur?

A
  1. An h atom attached to a v electronegative ion n,f,o

2. One or more lone pairs

23
Q

Why is ice less dense than water?

A

The hydrogen bonds in water hold it in an open lattice

Chemistry (18 decks)

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