A: Heart notes Flashcards
Right atrium receives blood from:
Superior vena cava (returning blood from upper body)
Inferior vena cava (returning blood from lower body)
Coronary sinus (returning blood from heart wall)
Left atrium receives blood from:
Pulmonary veins
What’s trabeculae carneae?
Muscular ridges, make up the inflow part that leads from atrium
Systemic circulation
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to aorta + tissues of body. Deoxygenated blood returns in veins to right atrium
Pulmonary circulation
Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through pulmonary artery to lungs. Oxygenated blood returns to left atrium via pulmonary veins.
Surface borders of heart
Superior border = 3rd right costal cartilge –> 2nd left intercostal space
Right border = 3rd right costal cortilage –> 6th right costal cartilage
Left border = 2nd left intercostal space –> apex of heart (5th left intercostal space near midclavicular line)
Inferior border = 6th right costal cartilage –> apex of heart
What makes up the anterior surface of the heart?
____ of RV is funnel shaped part of chamber which leads to ____ artery.
What separates both ventricles?
What separates atria from ventricles?
Wall of right ventricle with some left ventricle and some right atrium.
Infundibulum of right ventricle is funnel shaped part of chamber which leads to pulmonary artery.
Anterior interventricular sulcus separates both ventricles.
Coronary sulcus separates atria from ventricles.
What makes up the inferior surface? What separates both ventricles? What separates inferior from posterior surface?
Rests of fibrous part of diaphragm
Composed of wall of LV + small part of RV
Posterior interventricular sulcus separates both ventricles.
Coronary sinus separates inferior + posterior surface
Right pulmonary surface
Faces right lung + composed of right atrium
Left pulmonary surface
Faces left lung + composed of left ventricle and part of left atrium
Borders of heart
Right = RA + SVC + IVC
Left = LV + arch of aorta + pulmonary trunk
Inferior = RV + LV at apex
Superior = RA + LA. Aorta + pulmonary trunk exit from this border, vena cava enters.
Obtuse margin
Separates anterior surface + left pulmonary surface. Composed of LV + small part of LA
Fibrous pericardium
Outer layer composed of connective tissue + forms wall of middle mediastinum. Attached to central tendon of diaphragm + attached to sternum by sternopericardial ligaments.
Serous pericardium
Inner visceral layer: adheres to heart + is continuous
Outer parietal layer: lines fibrous pericardium.
Small space between the two is pericardial cavity contain pericardial fluid.
Oblique pericardial sinus
Reflection of pericardium around large veins on posterior surface
Transverse pericardial sinus
Reflection around arteries + veins. Finger placed in transverse sinus separates arteries from veins + allows for control of blood leaving the heart.
Pericardial effusion?
Accumulation of excess fluid in pericardial activity.
Can occur due to pericarditis.
Can compress heart (cardiac tamponade) - fluid can be removed by inserting a needle into the pericardial sac through an intercostal space.
Coronary sulcus
Separates atria + ventricles
Encircules heart.
Anterior part separates right atrium from right ventricle
Posterior part separates left atrium from left ventricle.
Interventricular sulci
Separate right and left ventricles
Superior vena cava
Returns blood from upper body
Inferior vena cava
Returns blood from lower half of body. Passes through an opening in central tendon of diaphragm and opens into inferior part of right atrium
Pulmonary trunk
Leaves superior part of right ventricle. Winds up + backwards on left side of ascending aorta + divides under aortic arch into right + left branches.
Pulmonary veins
Enter left atrium
Ascending aorta
Leaves left ventricle
Ligamentum arteriosum
Remains of embryonic connection between pulmonary trunk + aortic arch.
Branches of right coronary artery
- Artery to SA node
- Right marginal artery
- AV nodal branch
- Posterior interventricular artery/ posterior descending artery: descends in IV groove towards apex and supplies RV, LV, IV septum. Near apex it anastomoses with circumflex + anterior interventricular branches of LCA
RCA supplies:
RA, RV, LV, some of La, interatrial septum, part of IV septum, SA node, AV node
Branches of left coronary artery
- Anterior interventricular/ left anterior descending: runs along anterior interventricular groove to apex. At apex it turns around inferior border + anastomoses with posterior interventricular branch of RCA. Gives rise to the diagonal artery and supplies RV + LV + IV septum.
- Circumflex artery. Runs in coronary groove around left border of heart to posterior surface. Terminates on posterior aspect of heart + anastomoses with posterior interventricular branch of RCA. Gives rise to left marginal artery
LCA supplies
Most of LA, LV part of RV, most of IV septum, SA node.
Which artery is most commonly affected by ischaemic heart disease
Anterior interventricular/ left anterior descending
The two main anastomoses in the coronary circulation occur between:
- Right coronary artery and the left circumflex artery
- Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries.
What is the fibrous pericardium attached to?
- Central tendon of diaphragm
- Sternopericardial ligaments
What does the phrenic innervate in the heart?
Fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium
Which artery is most commonly affected by ischaemic heart disease?
LAD
