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A: HEART FAILURE Flashcards

1
Q

A complex clinical syndrome that can result from any cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to deliver adequate blood

A

Heart Failure

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2
Q

Edematous state resulting to SOB, fatigue, limitation to exercise tolerance and fluid retention

A

Heart Failure

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2
Q

Edematous state results in

A

SOB, fatigue, limitation to exercise tolerance and fluid retention

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3
Q

Occurs when the heart’s delivery of blood is inadequate for the needs of the tissue

A

Heart Failure

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4
Q

Occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the needs of the body

A

Heart Failure

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5
Q

A complex condition associated with several symptoms arising from defects in left ventricular filling and/or emptying

A

Heart Failure

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6
Q

Etiology of Heart Failure

A

CAD (Coronary artery disease) and hypertension

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7
Q

Causes of Heart Failure

A
  • Among elderly, consequence of underlying disease
  • Independent diagnosis
  • Coronary artery disease
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8
Q

Heart Failure is classically accompanied by

A

fluid retention

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9
Q

It is the progressive inability of the heart to supply adequate blood flow to vital organs

A

Heart Failure

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10
Q

It is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity

A

Heart Failure

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11
Q

Class of Limit normal individuals

A

Class 1

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12
Q

Class of Ordinary exertion

A

Class 2

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13
Q

Class of Less than ordinary exertion

A

Class 3

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14
Q

If metabolic demands are within normal limits but the heart is unable to meet the requirement

A

Low Output

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15
Q

If metabolic demands increase and the
heart is unable to meet them

A

High Output

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16
Q

Back-ups in the area that collects “used” blood

A

Right sided heart failure

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17
Q

The heart’s pumping action moves “used” blood that returns to the heart through the veins through the right atrium into the right ventricle

A

Right sided heart failure

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18
Q

This occurs as a result of left-sided failure

A

Right sided heart failure

19
Q

Failure to properly pump out blood to the body

A

Left sided heart failure

20
Q

The heart’s pumping action moves oxygen-rich blood as it travels from the lungs to the left atrium, then on to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.

A

Left sided heart failure

21
Q

supplies most of the heart’s pumping power, so it’s larger than the other chambers and essential for normal function

A

Left Ventricle

22
Q

Compensation:

A

1.) Sympathetic responses
2.) Hormonal stimulation
3.) Concentric cardiac hypertrophy
4.) Frank- starling mechanism

23
Q

Decompensation

A

1.) Afterload
2.) preload

24
Q

What are the Loop Diuretics

A

Bumatenide
Furosemide
Torsemide

25
Q

What are the Thiazide Diuretics

A

Chlorthiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlortalidone
Indapamide
Metolazone

26
Q

What are the Potassium Sparing Diuretics

A

Amiloride
Spironolactone
Triamterene

27
Q

What are the ACE Inhibitors

A

Benzepril
Captopril
Enalapril
Fosinopril
Lisinopril
Moexipril
Perindopril
Quinapril
Ramipril
Trandopril

28
Q

What are the ARBs

A

Candesartan
Losartan
Valsartan

29
Q

What are the Aldosterone Antagonist

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone

30
Q

What are the Beta Blocker

A

Bisoprolol
Carvedilol
Metoprolol succinate

31
Q

What are the Vasodilators

A

Nitroprusside / Nitrates
Nesiritide
Hydralazine

32
Q

Provide potent vasodilation of both arteries and veins

A

Nitroprusside / Nitrates

33
Q

Reduce left ventricular filling pressures

A

Nesiritide

34
Q

A naturally occurring hormone secreted by ventricles

A

Nesiritide

35
Q

Binds to natriuretic peptide receptors in blood vessels, resulting to production of CGMP which mediates vasodilation

A

Nesiritide

36
Q

Decreases afterload and increases cardiac output

A

Hydralazine

37
Q

Produces positive inotropic effect

38
Q

Produces negative chronotropic effects

39
Q

Precaution and Monitoring in Digitalis

A
  • Decreased potassium levels
  • Calcium works synergistically with digoxin
  • Decrease in magnesium level
40
Q

Signs of Toxicity in Digitalis

A

Anorexia, fatigue, N/A\V, mental confusion
and disorientation, alteration in visual
perception

41
Q

Antidote for Digitalis

A
  • Cholestyramine (acute digoxin overdose)
  • Digibind / DigiFab
42
Q

What are the Inotropic Agents

A

Dopamine
Dobutamine
Inamrinone
Milrinone

43
Q

Stimulate specific receptors within the kidney to increase renal blood flow and increase urine output

44
Q

Increases urine output by increasing cardiac output

A

Dobutamine

45
Q

Shows positive inotropic effect and vasodilation effect

A

Inamrinone
Milrinone

CP (7 decks)

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