7. A Connected World Flashcards
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), a project started in 1969 by the U.S. Department of Defense, was the beginning of the Internet.
Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of billions of computers and networks of all sizes. It is a network of networks.
Internet backbone
The Internet backbone is a foundation network linked with fiber-optic cables that can support very high bandwidth. It is made up of many interconnected government, academic, commercial, and other high-capacity data routers.
Domain Name System (DNS)
When information is transferred from one network to another, domain names are converted to IP addresses by the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol. Servers that use this protocol (called DNS servers) maintain lists of computer and Web site addresses and their associated IP addresses.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the language used to create Web pages. It defines a page’s layout and appearance by using tags and attributes. A tag delineates a section of the page, such as the header or body; an attribute specifies a value, such as a font color, for a page component.
hypermedia
With hypermedia, documents include embedded references to audio, text, images, video, and other documents.
hypertext
The embedded references in hypermedia documents are called hypertext; they consist of links that users can click to follow a particular thread (topic).
uniform resource locators (URLs)
Uniform resource locators (URLs), also called universal resource locators, identify a Web page. A URL is the address of a document or site on the Internet.
Navigational tools
Navigational tools are used to travel from Web site to Web site—as in “surf” the Internet.
Search engines
A search engine, such as Google or Bing, is an information system that enables users to retrieve data from the Web by using search terms.
Directories
Directories are indexes of information based on keywords embedded in documents, which make it possible for search engines to find what you are looking for.
Internet telephony
Internet telephony uses the Internet rather than the telephone network to exchange spoken conversations.
Newsgroups
Newsgroups are typically more general in nature and can cover any topic; they allow people to get together for fun or for business purposes.
discussion groups
Discussion groups are usually for exchanging opinions and ideas on a specific topic, usually of a technical or scholarly nature. Group members post messages or articles that others in the group can read.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is the protocol used for Internet telephony.
Instant messaging (IM)
Instant messaging (IM) is a service for communicating with others via a private “chat room” on the Internet. It can be a private message between individuals, with a group, or with a broader audience.
intranet
An intranet is a network within an organization that uses Internet protocols and technologies (e.g., TCP/IP, which includes File Transfer Protocol, SMTP, and others) for collecting, storing, and disseminating useful information that supports business activities, such as sales, customer service, human resources, and marketing.
extranet
An extranet is a secure network that uses the Internet and Web technologies to connect intranets of business partners and enable communication between organizations or between consumers.
wiki
A wiki is a type of Web site that allows users to add, delete, and sometimes modify content.
Social networking
Social networking refers to a broad class of Web sites and services that allow users to connect with friends, family, and colleagues online as well as meet people with similar interests or hobbies.
blog
A blog (short for Weblog) is a journal or newsletter that is updated frequently and intended for the general public. Blogs reflect their authors’ personalities and often include philosophical reflections and opinions on social or political issues.
RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds
RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds are a fast, easy way to distribute Web content in eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format. It is a subscription service; new content from Web sites you have selected is delivered via a feed reader to one convenient spot.
Internet of Everything (IoE)
The Internet of Everything (IoE) refers to Web-based development in which people, processes, data, and things are interconnected via the Internet using various means, such as RFID devices, barcodes, wireless systems (using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi), and QR codes.
Internet of Me (IoM)
The Internet of Me (IoM) is a subset of the Internet that gathers and processes information for a given user from the entire Internet and IoT devices to deliver a personalized experience.
