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Clinical Chemistry 1 > A - CHAPTER II: LABORATORY SAFETY MANAGEMENT > Flashcards

A - CHAPTER II: LABORATORY SAFETY MANAGEMENT Flashcards

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1
Q

– freedom from harm or danger; absence of risk

A

SAFETY

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2
Q

concern & responsibility of everyone (employees, administrators, staff)

A

Safety

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3
Q

affect the morale and threaten the emotional & physical well-being of all persons involved as well as co-workers

A

Injuries & accidents

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4
Q

are expensive

A

Accidents

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5
Q

Causes of injuries or accidents:

A

• Negligence or carelessness • Ignorance or lack of orientation • Fatigue or stress • Lack of awareness • Haste / cramming • Inexperience • Loss of focus

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6
Q

Implementation of [?] are essential

A

preventive measures

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7
Q

Development of [?]

A

biological & chemical exposure plans

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8
Q

Healthcare institutions are vested with moral responsibilities to provide:

A
  • Safe environment / workplace
  • Training
  • Protective equipment and gadgets (laboratory gown, gloves, shoes)
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9
Q

1984

A

Respiratory Protection Standard

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10
Q

1987

A

Hazard Communication Standard : “Right – to – Know Law”

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11
Q

1991

A

Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories – “Laboratory Standard”

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12
Q

1991

A

Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

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13
Q

1992 (revised)

A

Formaldehyde Standard

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14
Q
  • A mandatory process by which a state grants permission to an individual or organization to engage in a given occupation or business
A

Licensure

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15
Q
  • A process by which qualified individuals are listed on an official roster maintained by a government agency
A

Registration

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16
Q
  • A voluntary process by which a NGO grants recognition to an individual who has met certain educational requirements and demonstrated competency by examination
A

Credentialing / Certification

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17
Q
  • A voluntary process of external review in which a private agency grants public recognition to an institution that meets certain standards
A

Accreditation

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18
Q

REGULATORY AGENCIES:

A
  1. Department of Transportation
  2. Environmental Protection Agency
  3. Food and Drug Administration
  4. Department of Health
  5. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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19
Q

AGENCIES THAT ISSUE GUIDELINES & STANDARDS

A
  1. American Association of Blood Banks
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  3. International Organization for Standardization
  4. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
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20
Q

– a substance, situation or condition that is capable of inflicting harm to human health, property or system functioning

A

HAZARD

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21
Q
  • Capable of producing serious injury or life-threatening diseases
A

HAZARD

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22
Q

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS

A
  1. Design and Lay-out
  2. Structural Safety Rules
    a. Building materials : concrete
    b. Storm damage control
    c. Fire prevention
    d. Fire-fighting systems
    e. Entrance & exit routes
    f. Storage of flammable reagents
    g. Blockage of hallways & doors
    h. Ventilation system
  3. Workflow process
  4. Ventilation plan especially for Histopathology & Microbiology Sections
  5. Location / ease of use / availability of safety fixtures and decontamination stations
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23
Q

Infectious agents

A

Biologic

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24
Q

Bacterial, fungal, viral or parasitic infections

A

Biologic

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25
Q

Needles, lancets, broken glasswares

A

Sharps

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26
Q

Cuts, punctures, or blood-borne pathogen exposure

A

Sharps

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27
Q

Preservatives and reagents

A

Chemical

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28
Q

Exposure to toxic, carcinogenic, or caustic agents

A

Chemical

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29
Q

Equipment and radioisotopes

A

Radioactive

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30
Q

Radiation exposure

A

Radioactive

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31
Q

Ungrounded or wet equipment and frayed cords

A

Electrical

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32
Q

Burns and shock

A

Electrical

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33
Q

Bunsen burners, alcohol lamps, organic chemicals

A

Fire / Explosive

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34
Q

Burns and disability (dismemberment)

A

Fire / Explosive

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35
Q

Wet floors, heavy boxes, loitering patients or personnel

A

Physical

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36
Q

Falls, sprains or strains

A

Physical

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37
Q

Exposure to infectious agents (HBV, HIV) through specimen collection, handling & testing

A

BIOHAZARD

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38
Q

Preventive measures:

A
  1. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
  2. Handwashing before and after handling patient; after contact with specimen
  3. Isolation of highly infective or susceptible patients
  4. Proper disposal of waste
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39
Q

– instituted by CDC (1985)

A

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION

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40
Q

– General guidelines for isolation; precautions in hospitals

A

1983

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41
Q

– Blood specimens are considered potentially infectious

A

1985

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42
Q

– Blood & certain body fluids of all patients should be treated potentially infectious

A

1987

43
Q

– All patients are assumed to be possible carriers regardless of the patient’s condition or state

A

1989

44
Q

SPECIMEN w/c are POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS

A

Blood Pus & purulent fluids Seminal fluid Vaginal secretions Cerebrospinal fluid Pleural fluid Peritoneal fluid Pericardial fluid Amniotic fluid Breast milk

45
Q

SPECIMEN w/c are USUALLY NOT INFECTIOUS (unless visibly bloody)

A

Feces Nasal secretions Sputum Sweat Tears Urine Vomitous

46
Q

SHARP HAZARD

➢ (?) of machines
➢ Never (?) a needle
➢ Use needle (?)

A

Needles, lancets, probes
re-cap
disposal container / needle incinerator

47
Q

– revises the Blood-borne Pathogen Standard of 1992

A

The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000

48
Q

➢ Flammable, corrosive, explosive, carcinogenic, toxic, reactive reagents

A

CHEMICAL HAZARD

49
Q

➢ All chemicals should have

A

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

50
Q

must be consulted prior to the use of a reagent

A

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

51
Q

Safety Practices:

A

a. PPE
b. Fume hoods
c. Storage – classify according to characteristics
d. Presence of a chemical safety officer

52
Q

Lab. Coats, aprons, goggles

A

PPE

53
Q

classify according to characteristics

A

Storage

54
Q

must be below eye level

A

Storage cabinets

55
Q

Storage must be labeled with

A

toxicity, specific hazard concern; manufacturer’s name, address, date of preparation, hazard warning

56
Q

Cause visible destruction of human tissue or injury upon contact or inhalation.

A

CORROSIVES

57
Q

Chemicals with pH<2 or >12.

A

CORROSIVES

58
Q

Can spontaneously explode or ignite, or evolve heat, flammable or explosive gas under certain conditions

A

REACTIVES

59
Q

: have FP <100  C

A

Flammables

60
Q

: FP (=/>100F)

A

Combustibles

61
Q

: the lowest T that produces sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture at the surface of the liquid

A

Flashpoint

62
Q

Induce genetic mutations; cause changes in the DNA molecule

A

MUTAGENS

63
Q

Cause physical defects in the developing embryo

A

TERATOGENS

64
Q

Upon prolonged/repeated exposure, may promote the development of cancer cells

A

CARCINOGENS

65
Q

conc. HAc, H 2 SO 4 , HCl; conc. NH 4 OH, KOH, NaOH

A

CORROSIVES

66
Q

Ethyl ether & isopropyl ether ; Perchloric acid

A

REACTIVES

67
Q

Acetone, alcohols, ether, xylene, benzene

A

IGNITABLES

68
Q

Radioactive isotopes, benzene, benzidine, heavy metals

A

MUTAGENS
TERATOGENS
CARCINOGENS

69
Q

: Explosives

A

Class 1

70
Q

: Compressed Gas

A

Class 2

71
Q

: Flammable Liquids

A

Class 3

72
Q

: Flammable Solids

A

Class 4

73
Q

: Oxidizer materials

A

Class 5

74
Q

: Toxic materials

A

Class 6

75
Q

: Radioactive materials

A

Class 7

76
Q

: Corrosive materials

A

Class 8

77
Q

: miscellaneous materials

A

Class 9

78
Q

  Wet floors, heavy boxes, human traffic

A

PHYSICAL HAZARD

79
Q

Eliminate clatter; clean spillage ASAP

A

PHYSICAL HAZARD

80
Q

First signs of fire (smoke, burning smell) : investigate then sound fire alarm

A

FIRE HAZARD

81
Q

Evacuate immediately; unplug all electrical gadgets

A

FIRE HAZARD

82
Q

Use fire extinguishers

A

FIRE HAZARD

83
Q

Guidelines in Handling Flammable Reagents: Area

A

5,000 sq. ft. = maximum of 10 gallons of flammable reagents

84
Q

To store [?] BUT in a safety cabinet; if NONE, only [?] are to be stored in safety cans

A

60 gallons
25 gallons

85
Q

SAFETY CANS LIMIT:
[?] of Class A flammable reagents
[?] of Class B flammable reagents
[?] of other reagents

A

1 pint
1 quart
1 gallon

86
Q

TRAINING AND PRACTICE

A
  • Orientation and in-service training - Hands-on use of fire extinguishers, fire blankets, emergency eyewashes, fire isolation techniques - Comprehensive techniques in identifying the fire - Fight the FIRE or abandon the FIRE
87
Q

2 MAJOR ELECTRICAL HAZARDS in the LABORATORY:

A

A. Electrical equipment
B. Electrical wiring

88
Q

Electrical wiring
➢ [?] – unplug & discontinue usage; inform supervisor
➢ [?] before repair

A

Defective equipment
Decontaminate / disinfect

89
Q

SAFEGUARDS recommended by NFPA, adopted by CAP, JCAHO and other fire districts:

A
  1. No extension cords or outlet adapters
  2. Equipment should be checked for compliance to electrical standards before use
  3. Laboratory preventive maintenance programs
90
Q

Laboratory preventive maintenance programs:
a. Once a year examination of voltage and grounding
b. Current leakage
c. Broken, worn or frayed ends on plugs and cords
d. Review power needs of the laboratory and electrical receptacles should be adequate
e. Circuit breakers conveniently located & labeled
f. Electrical equipment should not be used in areas of flammable materials
g. Electrical safety must form part of the orientation & educational program of the laboratory

A
91
Q

➢ Storage of radioactive materials:

A

caution signs; access by authorized employees only.

92
Q

➢ Exposure limit:

A

(maximum permissible dose equivalents) 5000 mrem/year whole body

93
Q

➢ Nonionizing radiation:

A

microwaves, infrared, UV

94
Q

Four basic waste-disposal techniques :

A

➢ flushing down the drain to the sewer system
➢ incineration
➢ landfill burial
➢ recycling

95
Q

TYPES OF WASTES:

A

HAZARDOUS WASTES
INFECTIOUS WASTES
MEDICAL WASTES

96
Q
  • may pose a threat to human health or the environment when improperly handled
A

HAZARDOUS WASTES

97
Q
  • Anything that may harbor or transmit pathogenic organisms from individuals who may have a communicable disease
A

INFECTIOUS WASTES

98
Q
  • any solid, semisolid or liquid waste generated in diagnosis, treatment or immunization of humans or animals in research or production or testing of biological
A

MEDICAL WASTES

99
Q

Black

A

Non-infectious DRY waste

100
Q

Green

A

Non-infectious WET waste

101
Q

Yellow

A

Infectious Pathological waste

102
Q

Yellow with black band

A

Chemical waste (heavy metals)

103
Q

Red

A

Sharps & pressurized containers

104
Q

Orange

A

Radioactive wastes

Clinical Chemistry 1 (10 decks)

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