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pharmacology final ( 1st sem) > A: 6-11 > Flashcards

A: 6-11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug of choice if we want to replace Cortisol?

A

Hydrocortisone

כמו שצריך היידריישן אם חסר לך מים

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2
Q

Which corticosteroid has a short duration of action?

A

Hydrocortisone
8-12 h

אתה כל הזמן צריך לשתות מים זה לא מספיק פעם אחת

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3
Q

Which cortico. has intermediate duration of action?

A

Triamcinolone
Prednisolone
Methylprednisolone

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4
Q

Which cortico. has a long DOA?

A

Dexamethasone

36-72 h

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5
Q

Prednisolone and Methylprednisolone indications

A

Systemic anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects

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6
Q

Triamcinolone indication

A

Topical

T=T

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7
Q

Which cortic. has an increased toxicity?

A

Triamcinolone

Toxic=T

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8
Q

Dexamethasone indication

A

Antiinflammatory
Immunosuppressive
Used when water retention is undesirable

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9
Q

How do cortico. present in the body?

A

90% bound to CBG

5-10% free form

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10
Q

Cortico. metabolism

A

80% hepatic

20% renal

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11
Q

Cortico. immunologic MOA (8)

A 
Lower Leuko. migration
Lower capillary permeability
PLA2 inhibitionn
Lower COX-2 expression
Lower PLT activator factor
Lower IL
Inhibits NF-kB
Apoptosis of Lymphocytes
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12
Q

Glucocort. for topical use

A

Budesonide
Fluocinolone
Fluticasone
Mometasone

BFF Me!!!

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13
Q

Topical glococort. indications

A 
Asthma
Dermatology
Allergic rhinitis
Conjunctvitis
Arthritis
IBD's
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14
Q

Which drug blocks 11B-Hydroxylase?

A

Metyrapone

מתיר אפון

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15
Q

Mineralocorticosteroids: (2)

+ Duration of action

A

Aldosterone 1-2 h

Fludrocortisone 8-12 h

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16
Q

What is the drug of choice for replacement therapy of Aldosterone?

A

Fludrocortisone

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17
Q

Mineralcort. side effects

A 
Slat and water retention
HTN
CHF
Cardiac remodeling
Glucocort. excess
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18
Q

What are the synthestic analoges of Testosterone?

How to take?

A

Testosterone undecanoate- orally

Nandrolone- Parenteral

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19
Q

What counts as an anabolic testosterone steroid?

A

Nandrolone

קצת כמו נאנדתרל

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20
Q

Synthetic Testosterones indications

A

Hypogonadism in boys
HRT
Stimulates RBC production in some anemias

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21
Q

Female side effects of Testosterone?

A

Virilization

Menstrual irregularuty

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22
Q

Male side effects of Testosterone

A

Feminization due to feedback mechanism

Prostate pathology

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23
Q

Both sexes side effects of Testosterone

A

Cholesthatic jaundice
Increased liver enzymes
Hepatocellular carcinoma

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24
Q

Testosterone contraindication

A

Pregnancy
Prostate cancer
CHF
Liver disease

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25
Q

Antiandrogens can be divided into

A

Receptor inhibitiors: Bicalutamide
5a-reductase inhibitors: Finasteride
GnRH agonist: Gosereline
GnRH antagonists: Degarelix

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26
Q

Bicalutamibe MOA

A

Competative inhibitor of androgen receptor

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27
Q

Bicalutamide indications (2)

A

Prostate cancer

Precocious puberty

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28
Q

Bicalutamide side effects

A

Gynecomastia
Flushes
Impotence
Hepatotoxicity

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29
Q

Which enzyme catalize the convertion of Testosterone into DHT

A

5a-reductase

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30
Q

Which drug is a 5a-reductase inhibitor?

A

Finasteride

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31
Q

Finasteride indications

A

BPH

Can prevent male baldness

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32
Q

GnRH agonist

A

Goserelin

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33
Q

What is the long term effect of Goserelin?

A

Suppression of gonadotropin secretion

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34
Q

Gosrerlin indication

A

Central precocious puberty

Prostate cancer

35
Q

Degarelix MOA

A

GnRH antagonist

36
Q

Drug that affect sexual activity

A

Sidenafil

37
Q

Sidenafil MOA

A

PDE-5 inhibitor

38
Q

PDE-5 job

A

breaks down cGMP –> Vasoconstriction

39
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors MOA

A

cGMP increases –> Vasodilation

40
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors route

A

Oral

41
Q

Commercial name of Sildenafil

A

Viagra

42
Q

Sildenafil indications

A

Erectile dysfunction
Pulmonary HTN
BPH

43
Q

Give an example for synthetic Estrogen

A

Ethinyl-Estradiol

44
Q

Ethinyl Estradiol metabolism

A

CYP 450

45
Q

Ethinyl-Estradiol indications

A

Hypogonadism
HRT
Prevent bone loss
Contraceptive

46
Q

Which Estrogen drug can be given to treat menopause symp.?

A

Estradiol

47
Q

Estrogen side effects

Moderate toxicity

A

Bleeding
Nausea
Breast tenderness

48
Q

Estrogen side effects

Severe toxicity

A 
Thromboembolism
Gallbladder
Hyper TG
Migrane
HTN
Depression
49
Q

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (3)

A

Raloxifen
Clomifen
Tamoxifen

R-CT

50
Q

SERM- what is it selective for?

A

Antagonist at breast, CNS, uterus

Agonist at liver and bone

51
Q

Tamoxifen indication

A

Hormone responsive breast cancer

52
Q

Tamoxifen side effects

A

Hot flushes
Thromboembolism
Endometrial hyperplasia

53
Q

Raloxifene indications

A

Prevention of osteoporosis in postmena.

54
Q

Clomifene indications

A

Ovulation induction

55
Q

SERM drugs are given through

A

Oral

56
Q

Clomifene MOA

A

Selective inhibition of Estrogen-R in pituitary –> Reduced NF –> Induce LH/FSH secretion

57
Q

Aromatase inhibitor

A

Anastrozole

אנס את הארומטייז

58
Q

Anastrozole indications

A

Adjuvent treatment of hormone responsive breast cancer

אנס את הסרטן

59
Q

Anastrozole side effects

A

Flushes
Bone density down
Joint symp.

60
Q

What is Gosereline MOA?

A

Synthetic peptide with GnRH agonist activity

61
Q

Goserelin indications in females

A

Overian suppression in Endometriosis and Leiomyoma

Central precocious puberty

62
Q

Degarelix MOA

A

GnRH antag.

63
Q

Degarelix female indication

A

Controlled ovarian stimulation

64
Q

Describe Progestin

A

Induce secretory change in the endometrium
Breast proliferation
Maintenance of pregnancy
Metabolic effect

65
Q

Synthetic Progestrones (6)

A 
Medroxy.progesterone
Nor.ethi.sterone- הציפורים עפות צפונה
Cyproterone acetate- ציפור טרון
Dro.spire.none - דרור ספיר
Desogestrel
Levo.nor.gestrel
66
Q

Synthestic Progesterone indications

A 
HRT
Contraceptive
Infertility
Prevent endometrial cancer (Estrogen-induced) 
Promote and maintain pregnancy
67
Q

Synth. Progest. metabolism

A

CYP 450

68
Q

Progestins side effects (6)

A 
Lowers HDL
Increases LDL
HTN
Weight gain
Decreases bone density
Increases breast cancer risk
69
Q

Anti Progestins

A

Mifepristone
Ulipristal acetate

UMMM i dont want to be pregnant
מי פה הפריסט?
אולי הפריסט יעשה לי הפלה?

70
Q

Mifepristone MOA

A

Progestin and Glucocort. R antagonist

71
Q

Mifepristone indications

A

Meidcal abortion up to 49 days after last menstrual

72
Q

Mifepristone side effects

A

GI
Vaginal bleeding
Atypical infections

73
Q

Ulipristal acetate MOA

A

SPRM

74
Q

Ulipristal acetate indications

A

Emergancy birth pill

Myoma growth suppression

75
Q

Hormonal contraceptive- preparation available (6)

A 
Pill
Transdermal patch: 1 week
Vaginal ring: 3 weeks
Injection: 8 weeks
IUD: 5 years
SC implants: 3-6 years
76
Q

Types of preparation used for oral contraceptive (2)

A

Combination of Estrogen and Preogestin

Contineous Progesterin therapy without Estrogen

77
Q

Biphasic contraceptive which are the agents?

A

Ethinyl-Estradiol (Always)

Levonorgestrel or Desogestrel

78
Q

Oral contraceptive MOA

A

Combination of Estrogen and Progestin –> selectively inhibits the pituitary from releasing LH/FSH –> NO LH surge –> no ovulation

79
Q

oral contraceptive side effects

MILD(5)

A 
GI
Edema
Endocrine
Headache
Withdrawal bleeding
80
Q

Moderate oral contraceptive side effects (7)

A 
Weight gain
Skin pigmentation
Acne
Hirsutism
Ureteral dilation
Vaginal infections
Amenorrhea
81
Q

Severe oral contraceptive side effects

A

Thromboembolism
GI
Depression

82
Q

Oral contraceptive contraindiccation

A 
Recurrent thromboembolic/cardiovascular events
Estrogen neoplasms
Vaginal bleeding
Prior to epiphyseal closure
Smoking
83
Q

Emergency contreceptive contains

A

High dose Progesterin- Levonorgestrel

Or Ulipristal acetate

84
Q

Progesterone derivative that is more resistant to metabolism for improved pharmacokinetic properties

A

Medroxyprogesterone-acetate

MPA

pharmacology final ( 1st sem) (15 decks)

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