Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HOS Unit 1 > A 3 Integumentary > Flashcards

A 3 Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which of the three layers of the skin provides the support and elasticity of the skin?

A

Reticular dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which layer of the skin contains immune cells that act as a defense of foreign invaders through skin?

A

the dermis generally contain these cells and they are called langerhans cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is another name for the hypodermis?

A

subcutaneous connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the layers of the skin from superficial to deep?

A

corneum, lucidum (only where skin is thick), granulosum, spinosum, and basale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a keratinocyte?

A

cells of the epidermis that produce keratin an intermediate filament. Note that about 70% of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is another name for the keratin intermediate filaments?

A

tonofilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when tonofilaments agregate, what do they become?

A

tonofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

keratin always exists as:

1) singles
2) pairs
3) triplets

A

pairs of one acidic and one basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what types of keratin are located in the stratum basale?

A

keratin types 5 &14. (these types are those found deeper)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what types of keratin are located in the stratum spinosum & more superficial layers?

A

keratin types 1 &10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which cell layer is mitotically active?

A

stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what causes the spinous cells of the epidermis to be spiny?

A

the desmosomes cause this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what makes up the cytoplasmic plaques in desmosomes?

A

plakoglobin and desmoplakin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the glycoprotein that connect the two plaques in desmosomes called?

A

cadherins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two types of cadherins called?

A

desmogleins and desmocollins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is keratinization?

A

the progressive maturation of keratinocytes characterized by the accumulation of keratin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the stratum granulosum is how many layers thick?

A

1-3 cells thick normally and up to 10 in palms and soles of feet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in the epidermis, where does the cell normally die?

A

Normally in the stratum granulosum as these cells release lysosomal enzymes that destroy the nucleus and organelles. (furthers the process of keratinization) note: A few cell may even die in the stratum corneum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a keratohyaline granule?

A

non membrane bound granules that contain proteins and lipids used for form filaggrin and the marginal band.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is filaggrin?

A

a cement like substance that holds keratin filaments together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the marginal band?

A

the inner lining of the horny (cornified) cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where will you find stratum lucidum?

A

in the areas of your body with thick skin such as feet and hands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what major function does the stratum corneum play?

A

creates a barrier for micororganisms, water loss, physical protection, uv absorption, etc.

25
Q

which cell layer has a lot of keratohyaline granules

A

stratum granulosum.

26
Q

which layers make up the basal lamina?

A

lamina lucida and lamina densa

27
Q

which layers make up the basement membrane?

A

the lamina lucida, lamina densa, and the lamina reticularis

28
Q

which type of collagen is largely found in the lamina densa?

A

type 4 collagen

29
Q

which 4 things make up the basement membrane ZONE?

A

plasma membrane, lamina lucida, lamina densa, and sub basal lamina.

30
Q

what is the plaque of a hemidesmosome composed of?

A

bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP1, BP230) NOTE: desmosomal plaques are made of plakoglobin and desmoplakin!

31
Q

the majority of the cells in the dermis are?

A

fibroblasts

32
Q

fibroblast secrete what?

A

collagen, elastin, and ground substance

33
Q

what percentage of the skins weight is collagen?

A

75%

34
Q

what are the two divisions of the dermis?

A

papillary dermis and reticular dermis

35
Q

what type of collagen predominates in the papillary dermis layer?

A

type 3 collagen and it is considered a loose connective tissue

36
Q

what are meissners corpuscles?

A

nerve endings that are sensitive to touch that are located in the papillary dermis layer.

37
Q

what is the dermal papillae?

A

the area of the dermis (papillary dermis) that the vasculature is located which regulates thermoregulation.

38
Q

what type of collagen predominates in the reticular dermis?

A

type 1 collagen. It is considered a dense and irregular connective tissue.

39
Q

T/F

autonomic nerves innervate all glands.

A

false, sebaceous glands. They are controlled hormonally.

40
Q

what is the function of Vater-Pacine corpuscles?

A

they are large nerve endings that mediate the sense of PRESSURE

41
Q

what do melanocytes produce?

A

melanin

42
Q

what makes skin black or white?

A

the differences are based off of the melanocytes.

1) Stage that its in (1-4)
2) Melanosome size
3) The number of melanosomes
4) How melanosomes are grouped
5) How quickly melanosomes are degraded.

43
Q

what effect does UV light have on langerhans cells?

A

their numbers are decreased because it can kill them

44
Q

where are sebaceous glands found?

A

everywhere but palms and soles of feet.

45
Q

what type of gland is a sebaceous gland?

A

a holocrine gland

46
Q

where do you generally find apocrine glands?

A

axilla, genital region, areola, eyelid.

47
Q

what is decapitation secretion?

A

APOCRINE gland secretion

48
Q

what controls apocrine glands

A

they are controlled by adrenergic sympathetic innervation

49
Q

what is another way to say eccrine gland?

A

merocrine gland.

50
Q

sweat glands are classified as which types of glands?

A

eccrine glands.

51
Q

what do “clear cells” secrete?

A

aqueous material and glycogen

52
Q

what do “dark cells” secrete?

A

sialomucin

53
Q

the myoepithelial cells that surround the eccrine glands are controled by?

A

cholinergic stimuli (acetylcholine through parasympathetics)

54
Q

what is the hair follicle and sebaceous gland collectively called?

A

pilosebaceous unit

55
Q

what causes hair pigmentation?

A

melanocytes

56
Q

what is the average rate of hair growth?

A

1cm/month

57
Q

what are the 3 cycles of hair growth?

A

1 Anagen (active growth phase 89%)

2) Catagen (growth arresting phase 1%)
3) Telogen (resting phase with fallout 10%)

58
Q

where does the nail plate arise?

A

from the matrix

59
Q

what is the hyponychium?

A

the skin underlying the free end of the finger nail

HOS Unit 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions