A 2 connective Tissue Flashcards
Where do you find the GAG dermatan sulfate?
Which type of collagen is it associated with?
a)Dermatan sulfate: dermis, tendons, ligaments, fibrocartilage; associated with type I collagen
what is the only collagen (for our purpose) that is argyrophilic?
Type 3 collagen
what makes type 1 collagen?
all of the “blasts”. Chondroblast, osteoblasts, odontoblasts, fibroblasts.
What is the function of fibronectin?
It is important in cell adhesion and migration
Which cells makes type 2 collagen?
chondroblasts
Which cells make type 3 collagen?
fibroblasts, smooth muscle, schwann cells, hepatocytes.
which type of collagen forms anchoring fibrils in the basement membrane?
Type 7 collagen. It anchors the skin epidermal basal lamina to underlying CT.
which type of collagen is found in the basal lamina and is responsible for forming networks?
Type 4 collagen
what is Ehlers danlos type 4 disease?
Its a deficiency in type 3 collagen.(ruptured arteries and intestines)
What is Ehlers danlos type 6 disease?
Its a deficiency in type 1 collagen. Deficiency causes skin to be very elastic, eyeball problems.
What causes osteogenesis imperfecta?
a type 1 collagen defect associated with brittle bones, thin skin, weak tendons, and hearing loss.
If you are looking at a histological stain of collagen that has long and wavy fibers that stain pink with eosin or green with trichrome, what are the possible types that it could be?
Type 1 or type 3. It could not be type 2 because it does not form fibers.
how does a vitamin C deficiency affect collagen synthesis?
It prevents hydroxylation of the proline and lysine residues which would prevent the formation of the triple alpha helix (procollagen).
What type of fibers branch?
elastic fibers only.
Which cells make elastic fibers?
smooth muscle and fibroblasts.
what two components make up and elastic fiber?
1) microfiber (has fibrillin in it)
2) Elastin
Elastic fibers develop in 3 stages which are?
1) oxytalin fibers (fibrillin scaffold)
2) Elaunin fibers (elastin surrounding oxytalin)
3) Elastic fibers (elastin central core surrounded by micro-fibrils)
ground substance is primarily composed of what?
GAG’s and glycoproteins
where do you find the GAG chondroitin sulfate?
which type of collagen is it associated with?
b) Chondroitin sulfate: hyaline and elastic cartilage; associated with type II collagen
where do you find the GAG Heparan sulfate?
which type of collagen is it associated with?
In reticular fibers and basal laminae. It’s associated with type III and IV collagen.
What is chondronectin?
It binds condrocytes to collagen
What are Claudins?
Protein segments of the tight junction.
what is the function of laminins?
they help to bind epithelia to basal lamina (integrin binds laminin which binds entactin which binds Type 4 collagen)
What causes cholera?
Changes in the permeability of tight junctions that can lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration.
What is pemphigus vulgaris?
An autoimmune disease that attacks the cadherins desmocollin and desmoglein in desmosomes.
What is the only cell type without gap junctions?
Skeletal muscle
What makes up the brush border?
Microvilli + glycocalyx
Marfan is a defect in what?
Fibrillin (makes up the oxytalan fibers of Elastic fibers)
Name the 5 GAG’s and their uses?
-Dermatan sulfate: Associate w/ Type 1 collagen.
-Chondroitin sulfate: Associate w/ Type 2 collagen.
-Heparan sulfate: Associate w/ Type 3 & 4 collagen.
-Hyaluronic acid: cartilage (binds water)
-Keratan sulfate: cartilage
Mneumonic for the first 3: “Don’t Choose HOS”
Where are primitive mesenchymal cells found in adults?
-Single cell alongside blood vessels
What is the function & histo of a mast cell?
- Inflammatory. Contain heparin (anti-coag), histamine (vascular permeability), and proteolytic enzymes
- Lots of granules, but a single-lobed nuclus (unlike eosinophil). Often oval shape w/ round nucleus.
What is the function and histo of a neutrophil?
- “Neut - ralize bacteria” that are coated w/ serum complement or IgG. Leaves Residual Bodies inside the neutrophil. After phagocytosis, neutrophil will die.
- Multi-lobed nucleus, and don’t stain much (“neutral”)
What is the function and histo of a monocyte?
- Phagocytose a bit, and respond to same chemo signals as neutrophils. Become macrophages.
- Kidney bean nucleus
What is the function and histo of a macrophage?
- Phagocytose & digest all foreign and damaged old cells.
- Lots of irregularly shaped cytoplasm
What is the function and histo of the 3 lymphocytes?
- B= Make plasma cells, which make 2,000 Abs/sec.
- T=Cytotoxic & Helper (“cell-mediated immunity”) functions
- B & T look the same. Big nucleus that basically fills the cell.
- Plasma cells have a “clock face” nucleus, w/ a region of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi (often white) near the nucleus for make Ab’s. More cytoplasm than a B or T cell.
What is the function and histo of an eosinophil?
- Allergic responses and parasites
- Lots of granules (like mast cells) but have a bi-lobed nucleus
What is the function and histo of a basophil?
What is the function of a Natural Killer cell?
-Kills viruses and tumors
The olefactory organs are an outreach from which area of the brain?
The telencephalon
where do you find nuclei arranged into crude laminae?
Pons
superior colliculus
What is reticular formation?
loose aggregations of neurons scattered throughout clearly defined nuclei.
Where do you find laminar layers of nuclei?
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hippocampus
geniculate nucleus
What percentage of the CNS is white matter?
60%
what is a commisure?
it runs between two sides of the CNS
What is the function of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system?
It stamps in behavior and sensory cues that leads to rewards.
