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HOS Unit 1 > A 2 connective Tissue > Flashcards

A 2 connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Where do you find the GAG dermatan sulfate?

Which type of collagen is it associated with?

A

a)Dermatan sulfate: dermis, tendons, ligaments, fibrocartilage; associated with type I collagen

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1
Q

what is the only collagen (for our purpose) that is argyrophilic?

A

Type 3 collagen

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2
Q

what makes type 1 collagen?

A

all of the “blasts”. Chondroblast, osteoblasts, odontoblasts, fibroblasts.

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3
Q

What is the function of fibronectin?

A

It is important in cell adhesion and migration

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4
Q

Which cells makes type 2 collagen?

A

chondroblasts

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5
Q

Which cells make type 3 collagen?

A

fibroblasts, smooth muscle, schwann cells, hepatocytes.

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6
Q

which type of collagen forms anchoring fibrils in the basement membrane?

A

Type 7 collagen. It anchors the skin epidermal basal lamina to underlying CT.

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7
Q

which type of collagen is found in the basal lamina and is responsible for forming networks?

A

Type 4 collagen

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8
Q

what is Ehlers danlos type 4 disease?

A

Its a deficiency in type 3 collagen.(ruptured arteries and intestines)

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9
Q

What is Ehlers danlos type 6 disease?

A

Its a deficiency in type 1 collagen. Deficiency causes skin to be very elastic, eyeball problems.

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10
Q

What causes osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

a type 1 collagen defect associated with brittle bones, thin skin, weak tendons, and hearing loss.

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11
Q

If you are looking at a histological stain of collagen that has long and wavy fibers that stain pink with eosin or green with trichrome, what are the possible types that it could be?

A

Type 1 or type 3. It could not be type 2 because it does not form fibers.

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12
Q

how does a vitamin C deficiency affect collagen synthesis?

A

It prevents hydroxylation of the proline and lysine residues which would prevent the formation of the triple alpha helix (procollagen).

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13
Q

What type of fibers branch?

A

elastic fibers only.

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14
Q

Which cells make elastic fibers?

A

smooth muscle and fibroblasts.

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15
Q

what two components make up and elastic fiber?

A

1) microfiber (has fibrillin in it)

2) Elastin

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16
Q

Elastic fibers develop in 3 stages which are?

A

1) oxytalin fibers (fibrillin scaffold)
2) Elaunin fibers (elastin surrounding oxytalin)
3) Elastic fibers (elastin central core surrounded by micro-fibrils)

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17
Q

ground substance is primarily composed of what?

A

GAG’s and glycoproteins

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18
Q

where do you find the GAG chondroitin sulfate?

which type of collagen is it associated with?

A

b) Chondroitin sulfate: hyaline and elastic cartilage; associated with type II collagen

19
Q

where do you find the GAG Heparan sulfate?

which type of collagen is it associated with?

A

In reticular fibers and basal laminae. It’s associated with type III and IV collagen.

21
Q

What is chondronectin?

A

It binds condrocytes to collagen

21
Q

What are Claudins?

A

Protein segments of the tight junction.

22
Q

what is the function of laminins?

A

they help to bind epithelia to basal lamina (integrin binds laminin which binds entactin which binds Type 4 collagen)

23
Q

What causes cholera?

A

Changes in the permeability of tight junctions that can lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration.

24
Q

What is pemphigus vulgaris?

A

An autoimmune disease that attacks the cadherins desmocollin and desmoglein in desmosomes.

25
Q

What is the only cell type without gap junctions?

A

Skeletal muscle

27
Q

What makes up the brush border?

A

Microvilli + glycocalyx

28
Q

Marfan is a defect in what?

A

Fibrillin (makes up the oxytalan fibers of Elastic fibers)

29
Q

Name the 5 GAG’s and their uses?

A

-Dermatan sulfate: Associate w/ Type 1 collagen.
-Chondroitin sulfate: Associate w/ Type 2 collagen.
-Heparan sulfate: Associate w/ Type 3 & 4 collagen.
-Hyaluronic acid: cartilage (binds water)
-Keratan sulfate: cartilage
Mneumonic for the first 3: “Don’t Choose HOS”

30
Q

Where are primitive mesenchymal cells found in adults?

A

-Single cell alongside blood vessels

31
Q

What is the function & histo of a mast cell?

A
  • Inflammatory. Contain heparin (anti-coag), histamine (vascular permeability), and proteolytic enzymes
  • Lots of granules, but a single-lobed nuclus (unlike eosinophil). Often oval shape w/ round nucleus.
32
Q

What is the function and histo of a neutrophil?

A
  • “Neut - ralize bacteria” that are coated w/ serum complement or IgG. Leaves Residual Bodies inside the neutrophil. After phagocytosis, neutrophil will die.
  • Multi-lobed nucleus, and don’t stain much (“neutral”)
33
Q

What is the function and histo of a monocyte?

A
  • Phagocytose a bit, and respond to same chemo signals as neutrophils. Become macrophages.
  • Kidney bean nucleus
34
Q

What is the function and histo of a macrophage?

A
  • Phagocytose & digest all foreign and damaged old cells.

- Lots of irregularly shaped cytoplasm

35
Q

What is the function and histo of the 3 lymphocytes?

A
  • B= Make plasma cells, which make 2,000 Abs/sec.
  • T=Cytotoxic & Helper (“cell-mediated immunity”) functions
  • B & T look the same. Big nucleus that basically fills the cell.
  • Plasma cells have a “clock face” nucleus, w/ a region of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi (often white) near the nucleus for make Ab’s. More cytoplasm than a B or T cell.
36
Q

What is the function and histo of an eosinophil?

A
  • Allergic responses and parasites

- Lots of granules (like mast cells) but have a bi-lobed nucleus

37
Q

What is the function and histo of a basophil?

A
38
Q

What is the function of a Natural Killer cell?

A

-Kills viruses and tumors

39
Q

The olefactory organs are an outreach from which area of the brain?

A

The telencephalon

40
Q

where do you find nuclei arranged into crude laminae?

A

Pons

superior colliculus

41
Q

What is reticular formation?

A

loose aggregations of neurons scattered throughout clearly defined nuclei.

42
Q

Where do you find laminar layers of nuclei?

A

cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hippocampus
geniculate nucleus

43
Q

What percentage of the CNS is white matter?

A

60%

44
Q

what is a commisure?

A

it runs between two sides of the CNS

45
Q

What is the function of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system?

A

It stamps in behavior and sensory cues that leads to rewards.

HOS Unit 1 (13 decks)

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