A 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 indicators that the problem is streptococcus pneumonia?
1) gram + diplococcus
2) alpha hemolytic
3) optichin sensitive
4) Teen age
5) Violent bloody cough
what makes up the wall of a gram + bacteria?
cell membrane, peptidoglycan NAG & NAM (murein sac layers) with interlinking lipotechoic acid techoic acid. Superficial protein, sometimes a capsule.
Name 3 reasons why capsules are anti-phagocytic?
1) Neg. charged so repel surface of phagosomes.
2) Mimic self
3) interfere with complement
what protein makes up flagella?
flagellin
where do lysozymes cleave?
between NAG and NAM
what does neisseria meningitidis cause? what kind of bacteria is it? what are some symptoms?
meningitis, gram negative. symptoms include fever, vomiting nausea, and stiff neck, and petechia.
If you see a kidney bean shaped dipococcus with a capsule in the blood, what is it?
The gram negative Neisseria meningitidis. (Capsule group C)
what makes up the wall of a gram - bacteria?
cell membrane, periplasmic gel, thin NAG/NAM layer with intermixing lipoprotein, outer membrane coated with LPS.
what is the function of pili?
host cell attachment.
which part of the LPS is the toxic part?
Lipid A, In order for it to function properly, it needs the 2 attached phosphate groups and the KDO head group.
T/F Antibodies target lipid A?
False, you cannot make antibodies against lipid A
Gram - shock is caused by what? how much is needed to kill you?
LPS and LOS (lipooligosaccharide)
1 micorgram
Gram + shock is caused by what? how much is needed to kill you?
LTA (lipotechoic acid) and peptidoglycan.
1mg
what is superantigen exotoxin?
a very potent toxin such as with toxic shock syndrome, and .1 microgram can kill you.
what are two types of bacteria that have this superantigen exotoxin?
1) staphylococcus
2) streptococcus
What do toll like receptor do?
detect pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) and signal cytokine synthesis as well as anti microbial and antiviral peptide synthesis
The extracellular domain of a TLR is called?
the intracellular domain of a TLR is called?
1) LRR domain (leucine rich repeats)
2) TIR domain (toll IL-1 receptor)
TLR dimers 1/2 and 2/6 recognize?
lipoprotein
lipomanna in mycobacteria
LTA (lipotechoic acid)
yeast cell walls
TLR 3 recognizes?
DS RNA (virus)
TLR 4 recognizes?
LPS and LOS
TLR 5 recognizes?
flagellin
TLR 7 & 8 recognize?
SS RNA (virus)
TLR 9 recognizes?
CpG DNA
TLR 10 recognizes?
unknown
LPS from gram - bacteria interact with the TLR 4 but needs the help of __________ for the proper interaction?
MD-2 and CD14
what is the function of IL8?
attracting PMN’s (also C5a does this)
what does TNF alpha do to the body?
largely responsible for hypo-tension in gram negative shock and fever.
name the 3 endogenous pyrogens?
1) IL-1 beta
2) IL-6 (works on liver and increases globulin)
3) TNF alpha (also hypo-tension)
