A 3

Question 1

What are the 3 indicators that the problem is streptococcus pneumonia?

Answer 1

1) gram + diplococcus
2) alpha hemolytic
3) optichin sensitive
4) Teen age
5) Violent bloody cough

Question 2

what makes up the wall of a gram + bacteria?

Answer 2

cell membrane, peptidoglycan NAG & NAM (murein sac layers) with interlinking lipotechoic acid techoic acid. Superficial protein, sometimes a capsule.

Question 3

Name 3 reasons why capsules are anti-phagocytic?

Answer 3

1) Neg. charged so repel surface of phagosomes.
2) Mimic self
3) interfere with complement

Question 4

what protein makes up flagella?

Answer 4

flagellin

Question 5

where do lysozymes cleave?

Answer 5

between NAG and NAM

Question 6

what does neisseria meningitidis cause? what kind of bacteria is it? what are some symptoms?

Answer 6

meningitis, gram negative. symptoms include fever, vomiting nausea, and stiff neck, and petechia.

Question 7

If you see a kidney bean shaped dipococcus with a capsule in the blood, what is it?

Answer 7

The gram negative Neisseria meningitidis. (Capsule group C)

Question 8

what makes up the wall of a gram - bacteria?

Answer 8

cell membrane, periplasmic gel, thin NAG/NAM layer with intermixing lipoprotein, outer membrane coated with LPS.

Question 9

what is the function of pili?

Answer 9

host cell attachment.

Question 10

which part of the LPS is the toxic part?

Answer 10

Lipid A, In order for it to function properly, it needs the 2 attached phosphate groups and the KDO head group.

Question 11

T/F Antibodies target lipid A?

Answer 11

False, you cannot make antibodies against lipid A

Question 12

Gram - shock is caused by what? how much is needed to kill you?

Answer 12

LPS and LOS (lipooligosaccharide)

1 micorgram

Question 13

Gram + shock is caused by what? how much is needed to kill you?

Answer 13

LTA (lipotechoic acid) and peptidoglycan.

1mg

Question 14

what is superantigen exotoxin?

Answer 14

a very potent toxin such as with toxic shock syndrome, and .1 microgram can kill you.

Question 15

what are two types of bacteria that have this superantigen exotoxin?

Answer 15

1) staphylococcus

2) streptococcus

Question 16

What do toll like receptor do?

Answer 16

detect pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) and signal cytokine synthesis as well as anti microbial and antiviral peptide synthesis

Question 17

The extracellular domain of a TLR is called?

the intracellular domain of a TLR is called?

Answer 17

1) LRR domain (leucine rich repeats)

2) TIR domain (toll IL-1 receptor)

Question 18

TLR dimers 1/2 and 2/6 recognize?

Answer 18

lipoprotein
lipomanna in mycobacteria
LTA (lipotechoic acid)
yeast cell walls

Question 19

TLR 3 recognizes?

Answer 19

DS RNA (virus)

Question 20

TLR 4 recognizes?

Answer 20

LPS and LOS

Question 21

TLR 5 recognizes?

Answer 21

flagellin

Question 22

TLR 7 & 8 recognize?

Answer 22

SS RNA (virus)

Question 23

TLR 9 recognizes?

Answer 23

CpG DNA

Question 24

TLR 10 recognizes?

Answer 24

unknown

Question 25

LPS from gram - bacteria interact with the TLR 4 but needs the help of __________ for the proper interaction?

Answer 25

MD-2 and CD14

Question 26

what is the function of IL8?

Answer 26

attracting PMN’s (also C5a does this)

Question 27

what does TNF alpha do to the body?

Answer 27

largely responsible for hypo-tension in gram negative shock and fever.

Question 28

name the 3 endogenous pyrogens?

Answer 28

1) IL-1 beta
2) IL-6 (works on liver and increases globulin)
3) TNF alpha (also hypo-tension)