9.Thermodynamics

Question 1

Internal energy

Answer 1

The sum of kinetic and potential energy
They are randomly distributed internal energy will increase as temperature increases

Question 2

Potential energy

Answer 2

Caused by interactions between molecules and based on their positions relative to each other the further apart the molecules in a system are the higher potential energies

Question 3

What is 1 Kelvin

Answer 3

273°

Question 4

How to convert to kelvin

Answer 4

Degrees Celsius +273

Question 5

What is the lowest possible temperature and what is it called?

Answer 5

Lowest temperature is zero kelvins and it’s called absolute zero
Minimum possible internal energy everything theoretically stops

Question 6

Specific heat capacity

Answer 6

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K or 1°

Question 7

Formula for specific heat capacity

Answer 7

Energy change = mass X specific heat capacity X changing temperature

Question 8

Specific latent heat of fusion or vaporisation

Answer 8

Quantity of formal energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance

Question 9

Specific latent heat formula

Answer 9

Energy change = specific latent heat X mass of substance changed

Question 10

Boyles law

Answer 10

At a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional
If you reduce the volume of gas, its molecules will be close together and will collide with each other and the container more often so the pressure will increase

Question 11

Charles law

Answer 11

Constant pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
When you heat a gas molecules gain kinetic energy as a constant pressure this means more quickly and further apart so the volume of the gas increases

Question 12

Pressure law

Answer 12

Constant volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
If you heat a gas, the molecule gains Connecticut energy this means they move faster if the volume doesn’t change the molecules will collide with each other and the container more often the highest speed increasing impression inside the container

Question 13

Equation of state for an ideal gas

Answer 13

Pressure X volume = number of molecules in gas X Boltznann constant X temperature in kelvins

Question 14

Route means square speed /crms
<C^2>

Answer 14

Average of the square speeds of all molecules

Question 15

Internal energy is proportional to what?

Answer 15

The absolute temperature for ideal gas

Question 16

Black body radiator

Answer 16

A body that absorbs all wavelengths of the electromagnetic radiation and can admit all wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

Question 17

Luminosity of a black body depends on what

Answer 17

Temperature
Surface area