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Physics > 5. Waves > Flashcards

5. Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave

A

Transferring energy via oscillations whilst energy moves from one place to another

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2
Q

Mechanical wave

A

Needs some sort of material medium -a substance that oscillates to allow transfer of energy

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3
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

Transfer energy through repeated oscillations of electric or magnetic fields

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4
Q

Amplitude

A

Magnitude of the maximum displacement reached by an oscillation in the wave

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5
Q

Frequency

A

Number of of complete wave cycles per second this may sometimes be measured as the number of complete waves passing a point per second

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6
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between a point on a wave and the same point on the next cycle of the wave for example the distance between adjacent wave peaks

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7
Q

. Period.

A

Time taken for one complete oscillation at one point on the wave this may also be the time taken for the wave to travel one wavelength

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8
Q

Phase

A

Stage a given point on a wave is for a complete cycle phase is measured in angle units as a complete wave cycle is considered to be the same was travelling around the complete circle that is 360°

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9
Q

Wave speed

A

Rate of movement of the wave

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10
Q

Wave speed equation

A

V = f X wavelength

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11
Q

Transverse waves

A

Oscillations occur perpendicular to direction of movement of the wave energy

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12
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

Oscillations occur parallel to the direction of movement of the wave energy

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13
Q

Compression

A

Area and the long that you wave in which the particle oscillations put them closer to each other than the equilibrium state

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14
Q

Rarefaction

A

Area in the long tunnel wave in which the parts cost solutions put them further apart from each other than the equilibrium state

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15
Q

Examples of longitudinal waves

A

Soundwaves
Earthquakes

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16
Q

Wave superposition

A

When waves meet each wave will be trying to cause he waved displacement at the point of intersection the net effect is that displacement will be the vector. Some of the displacement caused by the individual waves after the encounter each way will continue past each other as the energy progresses in the same direction, it originally travel.

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17
Q

Nodes

A

Regions on a stationary wave where the amplitude of oscillation is zero
Destructive interference

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18
Q

Antinodes

A

Regions of a stationary wave where the amplitude of oscillation is that its maximum
Constructive interference

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19
Q

Constructive interference

A

Superposition effect of two ways that are in phase producing larger amplitude resultant wave

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20
Q

Destructive interference

A

Superposition effect of two waves that are out of phase producing a smaller amplitude resultant wave

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21
Q

Wavefronts

A

Lines connecting points on the wave dotat exactly the same phase position

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22
Q

Sonometer

A

Apparatus for experimenting with the frequency relationships of the string and attention usually consisting of horizontal wooden sanding box and Y stretch along the top of the box

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23
Q

Stationary/standing wave

A

A wave is reflected from a boundary and meets with another wave where they both pose which creates a stationary wave
Waves need to be coherent

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24
Q

Coherent waves

A

If they have the same frequency and how it constant phase relationship coherent ways I needed to form a stable standing wave

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25
Q

Diffraction

A

Spreading over a wave energy for a gap or around an obstacle

26
Q

Factors affecting diffraction

A

Size comparison between obstacle and wavelength of the wave

27
Q

Refraction

A

Changing heat wave speed on the wave moves from one to another there is a corresponding changing with direction governed by Snells law

28
Q

Refractive index

A

Result of the changing wave speed

29
Q

Critical angle

A

Largest angle of incidents that array in a more optically dense medium can have and still emerge into less than medium beyond the Sun with the ray will be totally internally reflected

30
Q

What conditions are needed to reach total internal reflection?

A

The race is attempting to emerge from the more dense medium

The angle between the ray and the normal to the interface is great and the critical angle

31
Q

Convex lens

A

Converge parallel raised to a focus at the focus length from the lens

32
Q

Concave lenses

A

Diverge parallel rail to Peter come from a virtual focus at the focal length back from the lens

33
Q

Focus/focal point

A

Point where raise incident on the lens and parallel to the principal axis will be made to meet by the refraction of the lens

34
Q

Difference between converging and diverging lens

A

Converging lens will bring light or a closer together

Diverging lens will spread light rays further apart

35
Q

Focal length

A

Distance from the centre of the lens to its focal point

36
Q

Real image

A

Can be projected onto a screen
Is on the other side of the lens from the object

37
Q

Virtual image

A

Cannot be projected to a screen
Same side of lens as the object

38
Q

Formula for magnification

A

Image size divided by object size

39
Q

Polarisation

A

Orientation of the plane of oscillation of a trans wave if the wavers plain polarised all its oscillations occur in one single plane

40
Q

Photons

A

Packets of electromagnetic radiation energy with the amount of energy which is planks concert multiplied by the frequency of the radiation

41
Q

Quantisation

A

Concept that’s there is a minimum smallest amount by which a quantity can change infinity changes are not permitted in a quantum universe. These quantisation of a quantity is analogous to the idea of the position of an instrument measure it.

42
Q

Wave particle duality

A

Principal that the behaviour of electromagnetic radiation can we describe in both terms of waves and photons

43
Q

Photo electrons

A

Electrons released from a metal surface as result of its exposure to electromagnetic radiation

44
Q

Work function

A

Minimum energy needed point an electron at the surface of a metal to escape from the metal

45
Q

Threshold frequency

A

Given metals the minimum frequency of electron magnetic radiation that can cause the emission of electrons from the metal

46
Q

Stopping voltage

A

Minimum voltage needed to reduce the photoelectric current to zero

47
Q

What experiment can you do to suggest wave behaves as particle?

A

Photo Electric effect

48
Q

What experiment can suggest light behaviours wave?

A

Young double slit experiment

49
Q

Ground State

A

Low energy level for a system for example when all the electrons in an atom are in the lowest energy levels they can occupy the atom said to be in ground stage

50
Q

Line spectrum

A

Series of individual lines of colour showing the frequencies present and a light source

51
Q

Ionisation energy

A

Minimum energy are quite born electron in an atom ground state in order to remove the electron completely from the atom

52
Q

Excitation

A

Energy state for assistant that says high energy then the ground state for example within an atom of an electron is a higher energy level than the ground state at said to be excited

53
Q

Intensity

A

Measure of how much energy wave is carrying

54
Q

Intensity

A

Measure of how much energy wave is carrying

55
Q

Intensity is proportional to what?

A

Amplitude squared

56
Q

Plain polarisation

A

Polarising a wave seated only oscillate in One Direction

57
Q

Plane of Polarisation

A

The plane in witchy wave vibrations called diploma polarisation

58
Q

What type of wave does polarisation only work on?

A

Transverse waves

59
Q

Interface

A

Boundary between two different media

60
Q

Critical angle

A

Angle of incidence in a optically dense material which the angle of a refraction is 90°

61
Q

Explain why the lens with shorter focal length is thicker at centre

A

Greater refraction to converge parallel rays at a point closer to the lens

62
Q

Why excited atoms only emit certain frequencies or radiation?

A

Electrons exist in discrete energy level levels
After excited electrons move back to a lower energy level
Photons are emitted
Frequency of emitted photons depend depends on difference and energy between energy level (E=hf)
Only certain energy changes are possible so only certain frequencies are possible

Physics (8 decks)

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