9A: Gene Pool

Question 1

Gene Pool:

Answer 1

the complete set of alleles present within a particular population

• The larger the gene pool, the more variation of genes and alleles leading to more genotypes and phenotypes

Question 2

Gene:

Answer 2

a section of DNA that carries the codes to make a protein

Question 3

Allele:

Answer 3

an alternate form of a gene

Question 4

Population:

Answer 4

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same location at the same point in time

Question 5

Allele Frequency:

Answer 5

the proportion of certain alleles in a gene pool

• Frequencies are calculated by totaling the number of a particular allele and dividing it by the total number of alleles in a population

Question 6

Genotype:

Answer 6

the genetic composition of an organism at a particular gene locus

Question 7

Phenotype:

Answer 7

the physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism that are the result of gene expression and the environment

Question 8

Genetic Diversity:

Answer 8

the variation in genetic makeup or alleles within a population

Question 9

Mutation:

Answer 9

a permanent change to a DNA sequence

• For a mutation to be heritable, it must occur in a germline(sex) cell as this means it can be passed on to future generations

Question 10

Point Mutations:

Answer 10

a mutation that alters a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence `

Question 11

Types of Point Mutations- Silent Mutation:

Answer 11

a mutation in which a nucleotide is substituted for another nucleotide which results in a different codon that still codes for the same amino acid and therefore does not affect protein structure

Question 12

Block Mutations:

Answer 12

a mutation that affects a large chunk of DNA or an entire gene

• These mutations usually occur during meiosis

Question 13

Types of Block Mutations:

Answer 13

• Deletion: the removal of a section of DNA
  
  • Duplication: the replication of a section of DNA, lengthening the original strand of DNA
  • Inversion: the reversal of a section of DNA
    
    • Translocation: the switching of two sections of DNA on different chromosomes

Question 14

Types of Point Mutations- Missense Mutation:

Answer 14

a mutation in which a nucleotide is substituted for another nucleotide resulting in a different codon which codes for a different amino acid and therefore affect protein structure

Question 15

Types of Point Mutations- Nonsense Mutation:

Answer 15

a mutation in which a nucleotide is substituted for another nucleotide resulting in a stop codon, prematurely ceasing translation of the genes mRNA affecting protein structure.

Question 16

Types of Point Mutations- Frameshift Mutations:

Answer 16

a mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotides in a sequence, altering every codon from that point onwards, affecting protein structure