95B Substance use and disorders

Question 1

Features substance use disorders (SUDs)

Answer 1

the 4 C’s

1) Craving
2) Compulsive use
3) out of Control use
4) Continued use despite harm

Question 2

Criteria for at-risk alcohol use

Answer 2

anything above these limits…
Women 4+ day, 8+ week
men 5+ day, 15+ week
results in higher probability of issues (liver, marital, injuries, alcohol use disorder development)

Question 3

Risk factors for developing SUDs

Answer 3

Takes a long time to develop dependence
~50% genetic contribution
Personality: sensation seeking, low conscientiousness, impulsive

Question 4

Neural systems implicated in SUDs

Answer 4

Prefrontal cortex
Nuclues Accumbens
Orbital frontal cortex
amygdala

Question 5

Main targets, basic concepts of treatment

Answer 5

vast majority feel they dont need treatment
often missed in PCP
Phases: 1) detox 2)intial recovery 3) relapse prevention

Question 6

substance abuse criteria

Answer 6

Use → impairment
≥ 1 repeat, 12-mo
↓ Role obligations
Hazardous use
Legal problems
Interpersonal problems
No dependence

Question 7

Substance dependence criteria

Answer 7

Use → impairment
≥ 3, 12-mo period 
Tolerance
Withdrawal
↑ Amount/time use
Desire/inability  to ↓ use
↑ Time obtain/use/recover
↓ Other activity due to use**
Use despite problems**
**=incentive salience (giving up other things despite known problems)

Question 8

What drinking motive is highest risk of developing a AUD?

Answer 8

coping (drinks at home alone to forget problems)

Question 9

drug use and dopamine

Answer 9

Acute use drugs of abuse ↑ dopamine

Chronic exposure ↓ dopamine