80B Development

Question 1

development milestones in infancy - Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

Answer 1

Piaget’s - Sensorimotor Stage (0-2)

1) exploration of motor functions and objects
2) constant exposure to stimuli
3) object concept develops: schema, assimilation, accommodation (hierarchical, integrative process)
4) object permanence develops
5) separation anxiety

Question 2

development milestones in infancy - Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation

Answer 2

Attachment stage - enduring emtional bond that gives basic sense of trust and emotional regulation depending on mother’s responses to child
Categories of attachment:
1) secure - most; attachment figure is secure base to explore; no anger upon return with quick return to play
2) (insecure)anxious/avoidant - anxious about return but fails to greet caregiver/ignores as defensive strategy
3) (insecure)anxious/ambivalent - anxious about return with occasionaly angry behavior
4) (insecure)anxious/disorganized/disorientated - range of beahviors from angry to odd to avoidant
**security and quality of attachment affects child’s later development, control, and regulation (insecure attachment –> growth retardation, anxiety, depression, etc)

Question 3

development milestones in preschool -

Answer 3

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development- Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)
1) (2-4) - symbolic thinking (via language acquisition) and make belive play
2) concrete thinking - understands rules; univariate; no conservation
3) egocentrism (2-4)/decentration (4-7)
4) magical thinking - can’t distinguish reality from fantasy
5) animism - objects have thoughts
Mastery of language - allows children to request thinkings not in sight
Emotional Regulation - most important task of the preschool stage
1) regulating the expression of emotions
2) self control; coping
3) delayed gratification

Question 4

development milestones in middle childhood

Answer 4

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development - concrete operations (7-11); can distinguish reality/fantasy; multidimensional thinking;
1) conservation
2) reversibility of thought
3) seriation
4) meta-cognitive abilities
Mastery of academic (learning issues), social, peer, self-esteem
Motor and language skills continue to grow and become refined

Question 5

development milestones in adolescence

Answer 5

Erikson – Identity versus Role confusion
Piaget – Formal Operations:
 1) Abstract thought
 2) Hypothesis testing
 3) Past, present, future perspective
Identity Development
 1) Autonomy
 2) Friendships/Social
 3) Achievement (academic, career)
 4) Spirituality and values
 5) Sexuality

Question 6

Adolescence - rad flags

Answer 6

Arise when anxiety is extreme
Attempt for respite from anxiety
1) extermism
2) overconstriction
3) escape from reality