Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych > 89B Antidepressants > Flashcards

89B Antidepressants Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Definition of major depression

A

at least 2 weeks of … 1) sad/depressed 2) less pleasure from pleasurable activities

+/- weight gain; +/- somnia; psychomotor issues, low energy, worthlessness, decreased concentration, suicidal ideation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Monoamine hypothesis of depression

A

low NE and 5HT (and dopamine to some extent)

down regulation of receptors and excessive nt reuptake

increased nt destruction via MAO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Etiology of depression

A

1) biological factors (monoamine hypothesis)
2) Genetic factors
3) Psychosocial factors (stress)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Serotonin affect on frontal cortex, basal ganglia, limbic area, hypothalamus, brainstem, spinal cord, and GI

A

frontal cortex - mood

basal ganlia - movement

limbic - anxiety

hypothalamus - appetite

brainstem - regulates sleep

spinal cord - sexual response

GI - digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dopamine

A

Part of reward system

working memory

low in depression

increased in mania and psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nt synthesis pathway

A

tyrosin–>DA–>NE–>tryptophan–>5HT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

General classes of antidepressants

A

SSRI - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

SNRI - serotonin NE reuptake inhibitors

DNRI - dopamine NE reuptake inhibitors

TCA - tricyclic antidressants (NE and 5HT receptors)

MAOI - monoamine oxidase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SSRI overview

A

fewer side effects

all equally treat depression but have different side effects in different people

multiple other uses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Specific SSRIs

A

Fluoxetine

setraline

paroxetine

citalopram

escitalopram

fluvoxamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fluoxetine

A

SSRI

“Prozac”

Interacts with carbamazepine, phenytoin, TCAs, diazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Setraline

A

SSRI

“Zoloft”

Interacts with warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

paroxetine

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

escitalopram

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fluvoxamine

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SSRI side effects

A

sexual dysfunction

GI complaints

Nausea

Anorexia/weight gain

Diarrhea

anxiety

sedation/insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SSRI black box warnings

A

Increased suididal behavior in children (to 25)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SSRI Withdrawal syndrome

A

headache

diarrhea

nausea

Tapper meds slowly or use longer acting med to taper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Serotonin Syndrome (hyperserotonergic state)

A

Jerking, restlessness, confusion, LOC, death

Higher SSRI doses or medication combinations (SSRI + TCA/SNRI/tryptophan/mirtazapine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SSRI affect with bipolar patients

A

leads to mania

Use Lithium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What SSRI should be used with Prego chicks

A

Zoloft (minimal tranfer to breastmilk)

21
Q

Treating depression with psychois

A

SSRI + antipsychotic (abilify)

22
Q

Metabolism of SSRI

A

CYP450 1A2 - smoking induces, requires higher doses

CYP450 2D6 - SSRI inhibit this pathway which is used by TCAs (monitor carefully)

23
Q

MAOI drug interactions

A

wash out period of 2 weeks before starting a MAOI and switching to another drug

24
Q

Specific SNRIs

A

Venlafaxine

Desvenlafaxine

Duloxetine

25
Q

SNRIs mecahnism

A

acute increases in 5HT at low doses

Increases in NE at high doses

26
Q

venlafaxine

A

SNRI

27
Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI

28
Q

Desvenlafaxine

A

SNRI

29
Q

SNRI side effects

A

HTN

Nausea

Agitation

Sexual Dysfunction

Insomnia

Constipation

Dizziness

(DANISHC)

30
Q

Atypical antidepressants

A

Mitrazapine - increase NE and 5HT; no sexual dysfunction or GI side effects but weight gain, sedation, and others

Bupropion - NE dopamine Reuptake Inbihitor (NDRI); side affects include agitation, insomnia, weight loss, others

Trazodone - 5HT reuptake inhibitor; SA - priapism; good for insomnia but poor antidepressant

Vilzazone - 5HT reuptake inhibitor

31
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Atypical antidepressants

increase NE and serotonin

no sexual dysfunction or GI effects, but has other side affects

32
Q

Bupropion

A

Atypical antidepressant

NE Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI)

Side affects without sexual dysdunction

Also for smoking cessation, ADD, SSRI induced side effects

33
Q

Trazodone

A

Atypical antidepressant

5HT reuptake Inhib

SA- priapism, headache, sedation

Good for insomnia but poor antidepressant

34
Q

Vilazodone

A

atypical antidepressant

5HT reuptake inhibitor

35
Q

TCA category overview

A

Tertiary amines - block 5HT and NE reuptake

Seconday amines - more selective for NE reuptake blocking

36
Q

TCA teriary amine - specific drugs

A

Amitryptyline

Clomipramine

Imipramine

37
Q

TCA secodary amines - specific drugs

A

Desipramine

Nortiptyline

38
Q

TCA side effects

A

1) block ACh - dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
2) anti-adreergic - sedation, orthostasis, sexual dysfunction
3) Antihistaminic - sedation, weight gain
4) decreased cardiac conduction

Overdose can be deadly - monitor

39
Q

TCA drug - drug interactions

A

Allow 1 week wash out when switching from TCA to MAOI

Cardiac effects with other meds

40
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - subtypes

A

2 subtypes

1) MAO A - metabolizes NE and 5HT
2) MAO B - converts protoxins to toxins; role in neurodegenrative diseases like parkinson’s

41
Q

MAOI mechanism, SA, effectiveness

A

inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes intracellular amines (DA, NE, 5HT, tyramine)

SA - orthostasis, insomnia, sedation, sexual dysfunction, etc

Very effective

42
Q

MAOI interactions

A

Numerous drug-drug

HTN crisis with tyramine foods (wine and cheese)

HTN

No general anesthesia within 10 days

43
Q

MAOI specific drugs

A

Selegeline

Phenelzine

Trancyclopromine

Isocarboxazid

44
Q

Selegeline

A

MAOI

Transdermal antidepressant

minimal side effects

45
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAOI

46
Q

Trancyclopromine

A

MAOI

47
Q

Isocarboxazid

A

MAOI

48
Q

Treating with antidepressants - guidelines

A

start with lowest dose

2-6 weeks for response (increase dosing every 4-6 weeks, as needed)

Treat 6-9 months, if multiple recurrences then might need chronic meds (50%)

SA - sleep and appetite improve 1st then mood

Psych (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions