86B sedative and hypnotics

Question 1

sedative vs hypnotic

Answer 1

sedative –> calming via reducing excitatory response to external stimuli
hypnotic –> drowsiness and sleep
**low dose - calm; high dose - sleep (continuum)
extremely high dose –> coma and death

Question 2

primary target of sedative-hypnotics

Answer 2

GABAa receptor (ligand-gated chloride channel)

Question 3

Benzodiazepine target

Answer 3

BDZ1/2 on gama-subunit of GABAa receptor

Question 4

Meds that bind GABA receptors

Answer 4

General anethetics
Ethanol
Barbiturates
Benxodiazepines

Question 5

benzodiazepines ending

Answer 5

_zepam (2 N) and _zolam (3 N)

Question 6

benzodiazepine mechanism of action

Answer 6

• increases Cl channel opening frequency

- requires GABA to open though

Question 7

General anesthetics mechanism of action of GABA

Answer 7

ex: propofol, etomidate

increase duration of Cl opening (higher doses work without GABA)

Question 8

Barbiturates mechanism of action on GABA

Answer 8

Increase duration of Cl opening (higher doses work without GABA)

Question 9

GABA antagonists

Answer 9

**Act as convulsants
Picrotoxin (non-competitive)
Penicillin (blocks open channels - needs agonist)
Bicuculline (competitive antagonists)

Question 10

benzodiazepines vs bariturates at high doses

Answer 10

benzodiazepines (_zepams) have a ceiling effective (don’t go to coma/death at high doses)

Question 11

benzodiazepine structure

Answer 11

7 member ring with 2 N; 2 benzenes attached

Question 12

clinical uses of benzodiazepines

Answer 12

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