9.4 The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is the periodic table? [2]
an arrangement of elements in periods and groups in order of increasing atomic number.
What is a physical property? [1]
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance - can easily be reversed
What is a chemical property? [1]
can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance - cannot very easily be reversed
What are 5 examples of physical properties? [5]
- malleability
- ductility
- melting & boiling points
- odour/ colour
- state of matter
What are 5 examples of chemical properties? [5]
- pH
- flammibility
- reactivity with air/acids/water
- toxicity
- ability to corrode
What are valence electrons? [1]
the number of outershell electrons
What is valency? [2]
the number of electrons its atoms loses, gain or share to form a compound
What is an ion? [2]
a charged particle. metals form positive ions (cations); non-metals form negative ions (anions)
What is chemical reactivity based on? [1]
electronic configuration
What is a similarity in each group of the periodic table? [1]
electronic configurations
What do similar electronic configurations lead to? [1]
similar chemical properties
What are 5 physical properties of METALS? [5]
- high melting and boiling point
- malleable
- ductile
- sonorous
- good conductor
What are 5 physical properties of NON-METALS? [5]
- dull
- poor conductors
- brittle
- not sonorous
- non-ductile
What are the differences of Group 1 metals compared to other metals? [3]
- soft
- less dense
- low melting and boiling points
What is Group 1 called? [1]
Alkali metals
Why is Group 1 called Alkali Metals? [2]
Group 1 metals are called alkali metals because when reacted it forms an alkali compound - turns purple, pH14
What are the general trends going down group 1? [6]
- increase in reactivity
- increase in atomic radius
- increase in electron shells shielding the outer electron
- increase in losing outer shell electron to form a positive ion
- decrease in melting and boilings points
- increase in density
Why does reactivity increase as you go down group 1? [2]
- shielding is increasing (increased number of shells)
- less force of attraction
- distance is greater/ more further apart
What is the name given to Group 7? [1]
Halogens
What is the formula, colour and physical state of Fluorine at rtp? [3]
- F₂
- orangey-yellow
- gas
What is the formula, colour and physical state of Chlorine at rtp? [3]
- Cl₂
- yellow
- gas
What is the formula, colour and physical state of Bromine at rtp? [3]
- Br₂
- red-brown
- liquid
What is the formula, colour and physical state of Iodine at rtp? [3]
- I₂
- grey
- solid
What are the general trends going down group 7? [7]
- decrease in reactivity
- increase in atomic radius
- increase in number of filled electron shells
- decrease in force of attraction
- increase is melting and boiling points
- increase in density
- colour of element gets darker
What are halogen ions called? [1]
halides
Group 7 are ________ non-metals. [1]
diatomic
What is the name given to group 8? [1]
Noble gases
Why are the Noble Gases unreactive? [1]
they have a full outer shell
Why does reactivity decrease going down group 7? [1]
more shielding and distance increases which means it’s harder to attract electrons
Group 8 are __________ and __________.
- colourless
- monoatomic
What are the general trends going down group 8? [5]
- increase in density
- increase in atomic radius
- increase in number of filled electron shells
- increase in melting and boiling points
- ‘potential’ increase in reactivity
What is Argon and Helium used for? [2]
Argon: fire extinguishers, advertising signs
Helium: filling balloons
Transition metals are metals that: [4]
- have high densities
- have high melting and boiling points
- form coloured compounds
- often act as catalysts as elements and in compounds
