9.4 Flashcards
define chromosome.
cellular structure that contains DNA
what are genes?
The DNA on chromosomes is arranged in regions called genes that code for the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work of cells.
what are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that make up a pair, one from each parent.
what are gametes?
sex cells that have half the number of chromosomes.
what’s a haploid?
A cell with ‘n’ number of chromosomes.
what is fertilization?
the process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete.
what’s a diploid?
A cell that contains 2n number of chromosomes.
what are sex chromosomes?
determines an individual’s gender.
what are autosomes?
The other 22 pairs of chromosomes.
what’s meiosis?
a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes.
what’s crossing over?
a process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes.
what is telomere?
chromosomes that end in protective caps that consist of DNA associated with proteins.
what’s a karyotype?
a type of micrograph in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size.
what’s nondisjuction?
Cell division during which sister chromatids fail to separate properly (which happens occasionally).
How many chromosomes would a cell have during metaphase I of meiosis if it has 12 chromosomes during interphase?
36
