9.1 Flashcards
what is surface area?
the area covered by the plasma membrane.
what is volume?
the space taken up by the inner contents of the cell.
what can smaller cells do?
transport substances more easily.
Diffusion is inefficient over longer distances
Cytoskeleton less efficient when cells are larger
Cellular communication more efficient in smaller cells
what is the cell cycle?
it’s when cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing
Once a cell reaches its size limit it must either stop growing or divide.
Each time a cell goes through one complete cycle, it becomes two cells.
what’s the three main stages of the cell cycle?
interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
what is interphase?
a stage during which the cells grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates its DNA. Think of interphase as the “warm up.”
what is mitosis?
the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide; has 4 substages.
what is cytokinesis?
the cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating two new cells.
what are the three substances in interphase?
G1, S, and G2.
During G1, the cell grows, does normal cell functions, and prepares to replicate DNA.
some stages of interphase
During S (synthesis), the cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division. The G2 stage follows the S stage and is the period when the cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.
what are chromosomes?
the structures that contain the genetic material (DNA).
what is chromatin?
the relaxed form of DNA in the cell’s nucleus.
some stages during mitosis
During mitosis, a cell’s nuclear material divides and separates into opposite sides of the cell.
some stages during cytokinesis
During cytokinesis, the cell divides into two daughter cells.
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division
Eukaryotic cells divide via the cell cycle.
Prokaryotic cells divide via binary fission.
