9.2

Question 1

mitosis

Answer 1

During mitosis, the cell’s replicated genetic material separates and the cell prepares to split into two cells.

Question 2

the main goal of mitosis

Answer 2

Main goal of mitosis = accurately separate the cell’s replicated DNA.

Question 3

benefits of mitosis

Answer 3

Increases the number of cells in a multicellular organism as it grows
Replaces damaged cells

Question 4

prophase

Answer 4

Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis.
Cell’s chromatin tightens/condenses into chromosomes.
As prophase continues, spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers form a spindle apparatus.
The spindle apparatus attaches to each of the sister chromatids before cell division. Moves and organizes the chromosomes before cell division.

Question 5

sister chromatids

Answer 5

structures that contain identical copies of DNA.

Question 6

centromere

Answer 6

The sister chromatids are attached at the centromere. (the center part of the sister chromosomes.)

Question 7

metaphase

Answer 7

The second stage of mitosis is metaphase – the shortest phase.
Sister chromatids are pulled along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell.
They line up in the middle of the cell.

Question 8

anaphase

Answer 8

During anaphase, the chromatids pull apart.
The microtubules of the spindle apparatus begin to shorten.
The sister chromatids separate.
The chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell.

Question 9

telophase

Answer 9

Telophase is when the chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to decondense.
Two new nuclear membranes begin to form and the nucleoli reappear.
The spindle apparatus disassembles.

Question 10

cytokinesis

Answer 10

After the two daughter nuclei have formed, cells undergo cytokinesis.
In animal cells, microfilaments constrict/pinch off to form two cells.
In plant cells, instead of pinching in half, a new structure called the cell plate forms between the two daughter nuclei.