9.2 Human Performance and Limitations - Memory and Claustrophobia and Physical Access

Question 1

what is memory?

Answer 1

storage and retention of information, experiences and knowledge as well as the ability to retrieve this information

Question 2

what is the 3 processes of memory?

Answer 2

registration
storage
retrieval

Question 3

what are the 3 forms of memory?

Answer 3

ultra short term (sensory)
short term (working)
long term

Question 4

what is ultra short term memory?

Answer 4

stores information for a very short time and acts as a buffer for the sensory receptors

Question 5

what is ultra short term memory classified into?

Answer 5

iconic memory
echoic memory

Question 6

what is iconic memory?

Answer 6

storage of visual information for up to half a second

Question 7

what is echoic memory?

Answer 7

storage of information received as sound for up to 2 seconds

Question 8

what does ultra short-term memory allow us to do?

Answer 8

make sense of the world around us

ie. enables us to remember a sentence as a sentence rather than a unconnected string of isolated worlds

Question 9

what is short term memory?

Answer 9

receives a proportion of information and allows us to store information long enough to use it

Question 10

how many items of information and how long for can short term memory store information?

Answer 10

5-9 items
10 to 20 seconds

Question 11

how can short term memory’s capacity be enhanced?

Answer 11

by splitting information into chunks

ie. phone number split into smaller chunks

Question 12

what is long term memory?

Answer 12

storage of an unlimited amount information not currently being used

Question 13

what can long-term memory store? (5)

Answer 13

-personal experiences
-knowledge of the physical world and objects within it
-beliefs about people
-motor programs, problem-solving skills and plans for achieving activities
-abilities such as language comprehension

Question 14

how is long term memory classified?

Answer 14

semantic memory
episodic memory

Question 15

what is semantic memory?

Answer 15

refers to the storage of general, factual knowledge about the world.

information that isn’t tied to where and when the knowledge of originally acquired

Question 16

what is episodic memory?

Answer 16

refers to storage of specific events, such as past experience

usually able to place these things with certain context

Question 17

what is motor programmes?

Answer 17

an organised series of movements made up of sub-routines that run together in order

(ie skills broken down into smaller chunks to build up the full skill)

Question 18

what is neuroplasticity?

Answer 18

refers to the continual changes that are taking place in your brain as you experience and adapt to the world around you

Question 19

what can a constructive neuroplasticity help prevent?

Answer 19

adverse effects of brain injury, Alzheimer’s and ageing.

Question 20

what is situational awareness?

Answer 20

the synthesis of an accurate and up-to-date mental model of one’s environments and state and the ability to use this to make predictions of possible future states

Question 21

why is context important?

Answer 21

because it could be the difference between the statement being understood or not and leading to a break down in what is required

Question 22

`how can expectation affect judgment?

Answer 22

seeing things that may not necessarily be there or not

Question 23

how can decision making be affected?

Answer 23

one’s attention and perception, by perceiving something incorrectly leading to the wrong action to be taken

Question 24

human memory is fallible, what does that mean?

Answer 24

information may:
not be stored
may be stored incorrectly
difficult to retrieve

Question 25

what is claustrophobia?

Answer 25

abnormal fear of being in an enclosed space

Question 26

what can help reduce the feelings of discomfort with working in confined spaces?

Answer 26

good illumination and ventillation

Question 27

what is acrophobia?

Answer 27

fear of heights