9.2 Human Performance and Limitations - Memory and Claustrophobia and Physical Access Flashcards
what is memory?
storage and retention of information, experiences and knowledge as well as the ability to retrieve this information
what is the 3 processes of memory?
registration
storage
retrieval
what are the 3 forms of memory?
ultra short term (sensory)
short term (working)
long term
what is ultra short term memory?
stores information for a very short time and acts as a buffer for the sensory receptors
what is ultra short term memory classified into?
iconic memory
echoic memory
what is iconic memory?
storage of visual information for up to half a second
what is echoic memory?
storage of information received as sound for up to 2 seconds
what does ultra short-term memory allow us to do?
make sense of the world around us
ie. enables us to remember a sentence as a sentence rather than a unconnected string of isolated worlds
what is short term memory?
receives a proportion of information and allows us to store information long enough to use it
how many items of information and how long for can short term memory store information?
5-9 items
10 to 20 seconds
how can short term memory’s capacity be enhanced?
by splitting information into chunks
ie. phone number split into smaller chunks
what is long term memory?
storage of an unlimited amount information not currently being used
what can long-term memory store? (5)
-personal experiences
-knowledge of the physical world and objects within it
-beliefs about people
-motor programs, problem-solving skills and plans for achieving activities
-abilities such as language comprehension
how is long term memory classified?
semantic memory
episodic memory
what is semantic memory?
refers to the storage of general, factual knowledge about the world.
information that isn’t tied to where and when the knowledge of originally acquired
what is episodic memory?
refers to storage of specific events, such as past experience
usually able to place these things with certain context
what is motor programmes?
an organised series of movements made up of sub-routines that run together in order
(ie skills broken down into smaller chunks to build up the full skill)
what is neuroplasticity?
refers to the continual changes that are taking place in your brain as you experience and adapt to the world around you
what can a constructive neuroplasticity help prevent?
adverse effects of brain injury, Alzheimer’s and ageing.
what is situational awareness?
the synthesis of an accurate and up-to-date mental model of one’s environments and state and the ability to use this to make predictions of possible future states
why is context important?
because it could be the difference between the statement being understood or not and leading to a break down in what is required
`how can expectation affect judgment?
seeing things that may not necessarily be there or not
how can decision making be affected?
one’s attention and perception, by perceiving something incorrectly leading to the wrong action to be taken
human memory is fallible, what does that mean?
information may:
not be stored
may be stored incorrectly
difficult to retrieve
what is claustrophobia?
abnormal fear of being in an enclosed space
what can help reduce the feelings of discomfort with working in confined spaces?
good illumination and ventillation
what is acrophobia?
fear of heights
