91- 141 Flashcards
Specify the position of the pancreas in relation to peritoneum:
extraperitoneal position
intraperitoneal position
mesoperitoneal position
intraperitoneal position, in the presence of mesentery covered by capsule
extraperitoneal position
The upper respiratory tract includes:
cavum nasi, pars nasalis et pars laringea pharynges
cavum nasi, nasus externus et larynx
cavum nasi, cavitas oris et cavitas laringea
cavum nasi, pars nasalis et pars oralis pharynges cavum nasi, pharynx et larynx
cavum nasi, pars nasalis et pars oralis pharynges
The lower respiratory tract includes: pharynx, larynx, bronchi larynx, bronchi, alveoli pharynx, bronchi, pulmo larynx, trachea, bronchi larynx, alveoli, pulmo
larynx, trachea, bronchi
Name the parts of the external nose: corpus nasi, radix nasi, apex nasi, nares
caput nasi, collum nasi, corpus nasi, nares
caput nasi, collum nasi, corpus nasi, processus alares radix nasi, caput nasi, corpus nasi, alae nasi
radix nasi, dorsum nasi, apex nasi, alae nasi
radix nasi, dorsum nasi, apex nasi, alae nasi
On the side walls of the nasal cavity are located:
four turbinate, the nasal delimits three moves: top, bottom and side
three turbinate, the nasal delimits four stroke: upper and lower, inner and outer
three turbinate, the nasal three speed and three cranial fossa
four turbinate, nasal delimits four stroke: upper and lower, inner and outer
three turbinate, the nasal delimits three moves: upper, middle and lower
three turbinate, the nasal delimits three moves: upper, middle and lower
The upper nasal passage opens:
sphenoid sinus, posterior cells of the ethmoid bone
frontal sinus, anterior cells of the ethmoid bone
maxillary sinus, middle cell of the ethmoid bone
sphenoid sinus, frontal sinus
sphenoid sinus, middle and anterior cells of the ethmoid bone
sphenoid sinus, posterior cells of the ethmoid bone
Specify the features of the nasal cavity in a newborn:
the nasal cavity is low, the top of the bow is missing, the middle and the bottom is poorly developed turbinate does not reach the nasal septum
the nasal cavity is low, all the nasal passages are well developed, turbinate to reach the nasal septum
the nasal cavity is high, upper, middle and lower nasal passages are poorly developed, turbinate partially reach the nasal septum
the nasal cavity is low, all the nasal passages is absent, turbinate reaches of the nasal septum, the septum of the nose has not yet formed
the nasal cavity is high, all nasal passages are absent, the general nasal passage remains free
the nasal cavity is low, the top of the bow is missing, the middle and the bottom is poorly developed turbinate does not reach the nasal septum
What are the paired cartilages of the larynx:
cartilago thyroidea, cartilage corniculata, cartilago cricoidea, epiglottis
cartilago cricoidea, cartilage arytenoidea, cartilago thyroidea, cartilage corniculata
.
cartilage cuneiformis, cartilago thyroidea, epiglottis, cartilage corniculata
cartilage arytenoidea, cartilago cricoidea, cartilage corniculata, cartilago triticae
cartilage corniculata, cartilage cuneiformis, cartilage arytenoidea, cartilage triticae
cartilage corniculata, cartilage cuneiformis, cartilage arytenoidea, cartilage triticae
triticae
Skeletopy of the larynx:
starts at the level of the lower edge IV cervical and ends at the level of the lower edge of VI cervical vertebra
begins at the level of the lower edge of the V neck and ends at the level of the lower edge of the III thoracic vertebra
begins at the level of the lower edge III of the neck and ends at the level of the lower edge of the VI thoracic
begins at the level of the lower edge IV cervical and ends at the level of the lower edge of the VI thoracic vertebra
begins at the level of the lower edge IV cervical and ends at the level of the lower edge of the IV thoracic vertebra
starts at the level of the lower edge IV cervical and ends at the
the level of the lower edge of VI cervical vertebra
Syntopia of the larynx:
the larynx is covered in front by the muscles-m. sternohyoideus, m. sternothyroideus, m. thyrohyoideus, the pharynx is located behind, the thyroid lobes and carotid arteries are located on the sides
front cover larynx muscles – m.sternocleidomastoideus, m.omohyoideus, m.stylohyoideus, located behind the pharynx, laterally – shares of the parathyroid glands and the parotid artery
front cover larynx muscles – m.sternohyoideus, m.sternothyroideus, m.thyrohyoideus, located behind the trachea, laterally – shares of the parotid gland and carotid artery
front cover larynx muscles-m.sternocleidomastoideus, m.omohyoideus, m.stylohyoideus, behind located the deep muscles of the neck, laterally – lobe of the thyroid gland and jugular
front cover larynx muscles – m.sternohyoideus, m.sternothyroideus, m.mylohyoideus, located behind the trachea, laterally – lobe of the thyroid gland and carotid artery
the larynx is covered in front by the muscles-m. sternohyoideus, m. sternothyroideus, m. thyrohyoideus, the pharynx is located behind, the thyroid lobes and carotid arteries are located on the sides
Specify the laryngeal muscles that strain the vocal cords:
m. cricoarythenoideus lateralis, mm.arythenoidei obliqui
mm. arythenoidei obliqui, m.vocalis, m.cricoarythenoideus posterior m.cricothyroideus, m.vocalis
m. cricoarythenoideus lateralis, m.vocalis m.cricoarythenoideus posterior et lateralis
m.cricothyroideus, m.vocalis
Specify the laryngeal muscles that constrict the glottis:
A-m.cricoarytenoideus lateralis, m.thyroarytenoideus, m. arytenoideus, transverses, mm.arythenoidei obliqui.
m. cricoarythenoideus lateralis, m.vocalis, mm.arythenoidei oblique, m.thyroarytenoideus
m. cricoarythenoideus posterior et lateralis, m.vocalis, m.cricoarytenoideus lateralis
m. cricoarythenoideus lateralis, mm.arythenoidei obliqui
m. cricoarytenoideus lateralis, m.thyroarytenoideus, m.cricoarythenoideus posterior, m.vocalis
A-m.cricoarytenoideus lateralis, m.thyroarytenoideus, m. arytenoideus, transverses, mm.arythenoidei obliqui
Specify the features of the larynx of the newborn:
larynx has a relatively large size: short, wide, funnel-shaped, is located above (at the level of II – IV cervical vertebrae) than in the adult
the larynx has a relatively large size: short, broad, cylindrical, located below (at the level of the IV – V cervical vertebrae) than in the adult
the larynx has a relatively large size: long, wide, barrel-shaped, is located above (at the level of II – IV cervical vertebrae) than that of an adult
the larynx has a relatively small size: short, narrow, cylindrical, located higher (at the level OF the II-IV cervical vertebrae) than in an adult
the larynx is relatively small in size: long, wide, funnel-shaped, located lower (at the level of the V-VIIII cervical vertebrae) than in an adult
larynx has a relatively large size: short, wide, funnel-shaped, is located above (at the level of II – IV cervical vertebrae) than in the adult
Specify the trachea: cervical and mediastinal thoracic and abdominal mediastinal and thoracic cervical and thoracic upper, lower
cervical and thoracic
The trachea sceletopy:
starts at the level of the lower edge of the VI neck and ends at the level of the upper edge of the V thoracic vertebra
begins at the level of the lower edge of the V cervical vertebra and ends at the level of the upper edge of the III thoracic vertebra
begins at the level of the lower edge III of the neck and ends at the level of the upper edge of VI thoracic vertebra
begins at the level of the lower edge IV cervical and ends at the level of the upper edge of VI thoracic vertebra
begins at the level of the lower edge IV cervical and ends at the level of the upper edge of the IV thoracic vertebra
starts at the level of the lower edge of the VI neck and ends at the level of the upper edge of the V thoracic vertebra
Specify what constituted fibrous-cartilage sheath of the trachea:
represented by 16-20 hyaline cartilage, which occupies 2/3 of the circumference of the trachea between the cartilage are connected by a narrow annular ligaments
presented 16-20 fibrous cartilage, which occupies 1/3 of the circumference of the trachea between the cartilage are connected by a narrow annular ligaments
represented 20-25 hyaline cartilage, which occupies 4/5 of the circumference of the trachea between the cartilage connected by a wide annular ligaments
represented by 16-20 hyaline cartilage, which occupies 3/4 of the circumference of the trachea between the cartilage connected by a wide annular ligaments
it is represented by 10-15 hyaline cartilages that occupy 2/3 of the circumference of the trachea, and the cartilages are connected by fibrous tissues
represented by 16-20 hyaline cartilage, which occupies 2/3 of the circumference of the trachea between the cartilage are connected by a narrow annular ligaments
The structural and functional unit of the lung is: osteon pulmo segment pulmo lobe acinus lobulis
acinus
In the hilus of the right lung in the direction from upper to lower are located:
main bronchus, pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins
two lobe bronchi, two pulmonary arteries, two pulmonary veins
pulmonary artery, lobar bronchus, two pulmonary veins.
lobular bronchi, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein
two pulmonary arteries, main bronchus, pulmonary vein
main bronchus, pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins
In the hilus of the left lung in the direction from upper to lower are located:
pulmonary artery, main bronchus, two pulmonary veins
pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins, lobar bronchus
main bronchus, pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins
two lobe bronchi, two pulmonary arteries, two pulmonary veins
main bronchus, two pulmonary arteries, pulmonary vein, pulmonary nerve
main bronchus, pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins
Skeletopy the apex of the right lung:
2 cm above the clavicle 3-4 cm above rib 1
4 cm above the clavicle, 1 - 3 cm over 1 edge
2 cm above the clavicle, on 4 – 5 cm above 1 fin 1 cm above the clavicle 3-4 cm above rib 1
3 cm above the collarbone, on 4-5 cm above rib 1
2 cm above the clavicle 3-4 cm above rib 1
Specify the structure of the bronchial tree:
bronchus principalis, bronchi lobaris, bronchi segmentalis, bronchi subsegmentalis, bronchi lobularis, bronchioli terminalis
bronchus principalis, bronchi lobaris, bronchi subsegmentalis, bronchi lobularis, bronchioli terminalis, bronchi respiratorii
bronchus principalis, bronchi lobaris, bronchi segmentalis, bronchi subsegmentalis, bronchi lobularis, bronchioli respiratorii
trachea, bronchi lobaris, bronchi segmentalis, bronchi lobularis, bronchioli terminalis, sacculi alveolares bronchus principalis, bronchi lobaris, bronchi segmentalis, bronchi subsegmentalis, sacculi alveolares, ductuli alveolares
bronchus principalis, bronchi lobaris, bronchi segmentalis, bronchi subsegmentalis, bronchi lobularis, bronchioli terminalis
Specify the structures of the alveolar tree:bronchioli respiratorii, ductuli alveolares, sacculi alveolares
bronchioli terminalis, bronchioli segmentalis, sacculi alveolares
bronchioli terminalis, bronchioli respiratorii, bronchioli alveolares, ductuli alveolares bronchioli respiratorii, ductuli alveolares, sacculi pleuralis
bronchioli respiratorii, ductuli alveolares, sacculi alveolares, trachea
bronchioli respiratorii, ductuli alveolares, sacculi alveolares
Name the bronchopulmonary segments of the middle lobe of the right lung: lateral, medial upper, lower medial, anterior apical, posterior intermediate, front.
lateral, medial
Name the bronchopulmonary segments of the lower lobe of the right lung:
apical, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal
apical, medial, lateral basal, posterior basal, lower, anterior
medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, intermediate, posterior basal
apical, medial basal, lower basal, lateral basal, posterior basal
anterior basal, lateral, posterior basal. intermediate, front
apical, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal
Name the bronchopulmonary segments of the upper lobe of the left lung:
apical, posterior, anterior, upper lingual, lower lingual
apical, medial, posterior, anterior, upper, lower lingual apical, posterior, anterior, the lower basal, upper basal apical, posterior, upper lingual, lower lingual, middle apical, upper lingual, lower lingual, intermediate, anterior
apical, posterior, anterior, upper lingual, lower lingual
Name the bronchopulmonary segments of the lower lobe of the left lung:
apical, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal
apical, medial, lateral basal, posterior basal, lower, anterior
medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, intermediate, posterior basal
apical, medial basal, lower basal, lateral basal, posterior basal
anterior basal, lateral, posterior basal, intermediate, anterior
apical, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal
The parietal pleura is divided into:
pleura diaphragmatica, pleura mediastinalis, pleura lateralis pleura lateralis, pleura mediastinalis, pleura vertebralis pleura diaphragmatica, pleura mediastinalis, pleura costalis pleura diaphragmatica, pleura medialis, pleura costalis pleura vertebralis, pleura mediastinalis, pleura costalis
pleura diaphragmatica, pleura mediastinalis, pleura costalis
Skeletotopia of the pleural dome: 2.2-2.5 cm above the clavicle
- 8-2.5 cm above the clavicle
- 5-4.2 cm above the clavicle
- 5-2.0 cm above the clavicle
- 5-3.5 cm above the clavicle
— 1.5-2.0 cm above the clavicle
Specify the largest and deepest pleural sinus:
costal-diaphragmatic
right diaphragm-mediastinal anterior costal-mediastinal posterior costal-mediastinal left diaphragm-mediastinal
costal-diaphragmatic
A patient with a purulent inflammatory disease of the nose was hospitalized. Upon examination, the otolaryngologist doctor found that purulent inflammation is located in the area of the middle nasal passage. Question: First of all in which paranasal sinuses can purulent inflammation spread?
sphenoid sinus and posterior cells of the ethmoid bone, maxillary sinus
frontal sinus, anterior, middle and posterior cells of the ethmoid bone
frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, sphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoid bone cells sphenoid sinus, maxillary sinus, anterior and middle ethmoid bone cells frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, anterior and middle of the ethmoid bone cells
frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, anterior and middle of the ethmoid bone cells
The patient called an ambulance because of massive bleeding after an injury to the nose area. It was difficult to stop the bleeding from the nose. The patient was taken to the hospital. Question: Explain the anatomical features of the nose that lead to bleeding and the difficulty of stopping bleeding?
weakness of the walls of the venous plexus located in the submucosa of the nose, can cause nosebleeds
the presence of a large number of arteries in the walls of the nasal cavity, leads to massive bleeding the cause of nasal nosebleed is damage to the artery in the face
a large number of paranasal sinuses and their blood supply, leads to nosebleeds
excessive anastomoses between the arteries and veins in the nose area, may cause nosebleeds
weakness of the walls of the venous plexus located in the submucosa of the nose, can cause nosebleeds
One of the indications for tracheostomy (opening of the trachea) is the ingress of a foreign body into the upper respiratory tract. Tracheostomy is usually performed for emergency care and in extreme need, even in unexpected cases. However, there is a high risk of complications, errors, or rapid damage to other anatomical structures during tracheostomy. A good knowledge of laryngeal syntopia will help prevent these complications. Question: what anatomical structures can be damaged during tracheostomy, taking into account the syntopia of the cervical trachea?
front – lower part (isthmus) of thyroid gland, the back – esophagus, on each side – doubles the
neurovascular bundle
front – lower part (isthmus) of thyroid gland, rear – pharynx, on each side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
front – throat, back – esophagus, on each side – doubles the neurovascular bundle
front – throat, behind – the thyroid gland, on each side – doubles the neurovascular bundle
front – thymus, rear – pharynx, on each side – doubles the neurovascular bundle
front – throat, back – esophagus, on each side – doubles the neurovascular bundle
As a result of falling from a height, the builder’s supraclavicular area was damaged by a sharp object, damaging the lower part of the neck. The patient suddenly had difficulty breathing. During the examination, the ambulance doctors found the development of pneumothorax (accumulation of air in the pleural cavity). Question: Why did pneumothorax develop when the neck area was damaged? Give an anatomical justification taking into account the topography of the pleura.
the pleural dome is located on the right and left 1.5-2 cm above the clavicle, so damage to the pleural dome
in this area can lead to pneumothorax
the pleural dome reaches the middle of the neck, so damage to the pleural dome in this area can lead to
pneumothorax
the pleural dome is located on the right and left 5-6 cm above the clavicle, so damage to the pleural dome
can lead to pneumothorax
the pleural dome is located on the right and left at the level of the thyroid cartilage, so damage in this area
can lead to pneumothorax
the pleural dome is located on the right and left at the level of the clavicle, so damage in this area does not
lead to the development of pneumothorax
the pleural dome is located on the right and left 1.5-2 cm above the clavicle, so damage to the pleural dome
in this area can lead to pneumothorax
Specify the laryngeal muscles that expand the glottis: m. cricohyoideus
m. thyrohyoideus
m. cricoarytenoideus posterior
m. cricoarythenoideus lateralis m. thyroarytenoideus
m. cricoarytenoideus posterior
The correct layered arrangement of the membranes of the kidneys is as follows:
fibrous capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
Indicate the direction of the purulent process from retroperitoneal spatium:
Purulent process in the retroperitoneal space does not go beyond the corresponding layer limited by fascial leaves
Purulent process in the retroperitoneal space always spread to the pelvic cavity
Purulent process in the retroperitoneal space in some cases falls into the left lateral canal
Purulent process in the retroperitoneal space has the peculiarity of spreading to the mesenteric sinuses Purulent process in the retroperitoneal space extends into the stuffing bag
Purulent process in the retroperitoneal space does not go beyond the corresponding layer limited by fascial leaves
The anterior wall of the retroperitoneal space is formed:
Parietal peritoneum, intra-abdominal fascia
Lumbar muscles
Prerenal fascia
Perirenal adipose tissue, intra-abdominal fascia Broad abdominal muscles
Parietal peritoneum, intra-abdominal fascia
The macroscopic structure of the kidney in the section:
capsule, parenchyma and excretory tree
capsule and excretory tree renal pelvis and ureter
cortex and medulla
medulla and minor renal calyx
capsule, parenchyma and excretory tree
The renal body (corpuscle) consists of:
glomerulus, glomerular capsule
glomerular capsule, convoluted part glomerulus, convoluted tubule glomerulus, loop of Henle glomerulus, collecting tubules
glomerulus, glomerular capsule
Fixing device of the kidney:
intraabdominal pressure, the seat of the kidney, renal fascia, renal vessels
intraabdominal pressure, hepatic-renal ligament, the seat of the kidney intraabdominal pressure, perirenal fat capsule, renal fascia, the seat of the kidney intraabdominal pressure, fat perirenal fat capsule, renal fascia
perirenal fat capsule, renal vessels, bone marrow
intraabdominal pressure, the seat of the kidney, renal fascia, renal vessels
The structure of the excretory tree includes:
minor renal calyx, major renal calyx, renal pelvis, and ureter
minor renal calyx, major renal calyx, pelvis, and bladder
minor renal calyx, medium and major renal calyx
minor renal calyx, medium renal calyx, pelvis, ureter
minor renal calyx, medium renal calyx, pelvis, and urinary bladder
minor renal calyx, major renal calyx, renal pelvis, and ureter
An ultrasound revealed an increase in the size of the organ adjacent to the upper pole of the right kidney. Indicate this organ:
spleen
right adrenal gland
stomach descending colon sigmoid colon
right adrenal gland
Tubular kidney system:
arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, renal tubules
arteries, veins, renal tubules
lymphatic vessels, nerves
veins, capillaries, bile ducts, lymphatic vessels renal tubules
arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, renal tubules
Ureter parts
abdominal, pelvic, intramural
abdominal, lumbar, sacral pelvic, iliac, renal lumbar, iliac, intramural pelvic, lumbar
abdominal, pelvic, intramural
Layers of the wall of the bladder: mucous, submucous, capsule folded, muscular, peritoneal mucous, submucous, muscular, fibrous mucous, muscular, fibrous inner, striated, outer
mucous, submucous, muscular, fibrous
The portion of the male urethra, which is the widest: prostate
membranous
vascular part
spongy
intramural part
spongy
Anatomical formations adjacent to the posterior wall of the urinary bladder in men:
rectum
prostate
penis root seminal vesicle spermatic cord
rectum
What artery does the ureter cross when moving to the pelvic section? left - obturator, right - internal iliac
left - external iliac, right - upper urinary
left - ovarian, right - obturator
left - internal iliac, right - external iliac
left - common iliac, right - external iliac
left - internal iliac, right - external iliac
What is the position of the ureter in the gate of the kidney? between the renal artery and vein the most forward the very back the lowest uppermost
the lowest
During examination of patient the surgeon found a wound in the middle third of the left kidney. According to the syntopy of the left kidney indicate the integrity of which organ should be checked in this case:
It is necessary to check the integrity of the pancreas
It is necessary to check the integrity of the stomach
There may be damage to the left lobe of the liver
It is necessary to check the integrity of the left lung and pleura It is necessary to check the sigmoid colon
It is necessary to check the integrity of the pancreas
