31-90 Flashcards
Name the part of the duodenum into which the common bile and pancreatic ducts open:
pars descendens
pars inferior
pars ascendens
pars superior
m. obliquus internus abdominis and its aponeurosis m. transversus
pars horizontalis
pars descendens
Specify the location of the Peyer’s patches: duodenum
stomach jejunum caecum ileum
ileum
Specify the occurrence of the descending position of the appendix: 25%
40-45%
13%
17-20% 70%
40-45%
Specify which feature allows you to distinguish the transverse colon from the others parts of the colon?
presence epiploic appendices
presence greater omentum
orientation in the transverse direction
intraperitoneal relationship to the peritoneum, presence of mesentery
presence teniae colli
intraperitoneal relationship to the peritoneum, presence of mesentery
Specify what functions the intestinal wall mucosa performs: secretory, covering hematopoietic, hormonal digestive, neutralizing secretory, motor absorption, secretory
secretory, covering
When performing rectoscopy (examination of the rectal mucosa), the proctologist must remember that there are two flexures formed by the rectum in the sagittal plane. Specify these flexures: upper-flexura fornicis, lateral-flexura perinealis
upper-flexura sacralis, lower-flexura perinealis
pelvic-flexura pelvis, lower-flexura perinealis upper-flexura fornicis, middle-flexura medius front-flexura urinaria, lower-flexura rectalis
upper-flexura sacralis, lower-flexura perinealis
Holotopy of the liver:
in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium
in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium
in the navel region
in the left hypochondrium
in the right lateral region
in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium
Liver lobes that are determined on the visceral surface: 2 lobes-right and left
4 lobes –front,back,right and left
2 lobes-costal and diaphragmatic
4 lobes –quadrate, caudate, right and left
3 lobes-vesicular, anterior and caudate
4 lobes –quadrate, caudate, right and left
Liver surfaces: medial and lateral costal and sternum parietal and visceral front and back diaphragmatic and visceral
diaphragmatic and visceral
Specify where the bile duct opens: into the common hepatic duct
into the pancreatic duct
to the common bile duct
into the thoracic duct vater’s papilla
to the common bile duct
Specify the structural and functional unit of the liver: lobules nephron acinus sinus pyramid
lobules
How the peritoneum covers the liver: mesoperitoneal the peritoneum does not cover upper section-intraperitoneal, lower section-extraperitoneal extraperitoneal intraperitoneal
mesoperitoneal
A 72-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency room with complaints of pain in the right hypochondrium, and the doctor found an increase size of the liver by percussion. Specify the lower at the edge of the costal arch on the left
horizontal line at the level of the seventh intercostal space on the right
oblique line from the xiphoid process to the corner of the tenth rib
1 cm above the nave
border of the liver as normal:
along the right midclavicular line at the edge of the costal arch
along the right midclavicular line at the edge of the costal arch
Specify which formation passes through the liver lobules: central vien branches of the portal vein interlobular vein tributaries of the liver veins vena cava inferior
central vien
Characteristics of the exocrine part of the pancreas: complex alveolar simple alveolar complex tubular complex alveolar-tubular simple tubular
complex alveolar-tubular
Specify a duct called Wirsung's: ductus choledochus ductus hepatis dexter ductus pancreaticus ductus hepaticus communis ductus parotideus
ductus pancreaticus
How the peritoneum covers the pancreas:
mesoperitoneal
the peritoneum does not cover
upper section-intraperitoneal, lower section-extraperitoneal extraperitoneal
intraperitoneal
mesoperitoneal
Specify which organ is located in front of the pancreas: stomach liver spleen jejunum gallbladder
stomach
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with a gunshot wound to the abdomen, the tail of the pancreas and the organs located behind it were damaged. Specify these bodies.
middle part of the left kidney and left ureter
duodenum
initial section of the jejunum
small curvature and cardiac part of the stomach left adrenal gland and upper part of the left kidney
left adrenal gland and upper part of the left kidney
Specify the functions of the pancreas: barrier, digestive exocrine gland blood depot and hormonal absorption and neutralization endo - and exocrine secretion
endo - and exocrine secretion
Specify which formations are located behind the head of the pancreas:
right kidney and right adrenal gland
coronary and falciforme ligaments
abdominal aorta, coeliac trunk
inferior vena cava, initial section of the portal vein portal vein
inferior vena cava, initial section of the portal vein portal vein
A 70-year-old patient developed jaundice. During the examination, a pancreatic tumor was found. Specify the location of the tumor:
head of the pancreas
tail of the pancreas
right 1⁄2 part of the pancreas
back surface of the pancreas body anterior surface of the pancreas
head of the pancreas
The excretory duct of the parotid gland (ductus parotideus) opens:
in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the first small molar
in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the canine
in the vestibule of the mouth into the mucous membrane of the upper lip
in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the second upper large molar
in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the first lower large molar
in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the second upper large molar
The excretory duct of the submandibular gland (ductus submandibularis) opens:
duct opens a small hole in the caruncula sublingualis, near the frenum of the tongue
duct opens into the vestibulum oris at the level of the first premolar tooth
duct opens a small hole into fungiform papillae, along the edges of tongue
duct opens a large hole on the surface of the mucous membrane along the sublingual fold in the vestibulum oris at the level of upper second molar tooth
duct opens a small hole in the caruncula sublingualis, near the frenum of the tongue
The topography of the sublingual salivary glands:
located in the retromandibularis fossa, adjacent to the styloid process and starting from it the stylohyoideus muscle
located in the carotid triangle, the lateral side of the gland adjacent to the facial artery and vein
located in the muscle forming the floor of the mouth and in the thickness of the buccal muscles
located above the mylohyoid muscle, directly under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth
located in the submandibular triangle, outside of gland covered by superficial lamina of the cervical fascia
located above the mylohyoid muscle, directly under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth
Define the peritoneal cavity:
the gap between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
of the abdominal area bounded by the parietal peritoneum
a gap located at the back between the abdominal cavity and the intraperitoneal fascia
this is a cavity lined with fascia endoabdominalis
the gap between the parietal peritoneum and the intraperitoneal fascia
the gap between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
The upper and lower floors of the abdominal cavity are divided by:
colon transversum, mesocolon transversum
curvatura major, lig. gastrocolicum
pars horizontalis duodeni, flexura duodenojejunalis
greater omentum, lig. gastrocolicum
radix mesenterii, mesenterium
colon transversum, mesocolon transversum
Organs are located mesoperitoneal: colon ascendens et descendens ventriculus, colon ascendens, ceacum hepar, colon descendens, pancreas ventriculus, jejunum, ileum ventriculus, pars horizontalis duodeni
colon ascendens et descendens
Organs are located retroperitoneal:
pancreas, ren, aorta, glandula suprarenalis
ventriculus, pars horizontalis duodeni, hepar
pancreas, ren, colon ascendens, ceacum
ren, aorta, ventriculus, hepar, pancreas
glandula suprarenalis, pars horizontalis duodeni, hepar
pancreas, ren, aorta, glandula suprarenalis
The structure of the lesser omentum includes the following ligaments: lig. gastroduodenum, lig. hepatoduodenum
lig. hepatogastricum, lig.phrenicoesophagealis
lig. gastrocolicum, lig. hepatorenalis
lig. hepatocolicum, lig. hepatoduodenalis
lig. hepatogastricum, lig. hepatoduodenale
lig. hepatogastricum, lig. hepatoduodenale
The formation that separates the hepatic and pregastric bursa: lig. hepatorenalis omentum majus lig. teres hepatis lig. Falciforme lig. hepatoduodenum
lig. Falciforme
Bursa omentalis is limited at the top : lobus caudatus hepatis lobus quadratus hepatis lobus dexter hepatis porta hepatis lobus inferior hepatis
lobus caudatus hepatis
The right and left mesenteric sinuses are separated from each other: mesocolon transversum plica mesenterica flexura duodenojejunalis radix mesenterii colon transversum
radix mesenterii
Left mesenteric sinus is formed:
above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the left- descending colon and the mesentery of the sigmoid colon, on the right- mesentery of small intestine
at the top - duodenum, on the right - appendix, lower left side - descending colon
above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the right - ascending colon, to the left and below - mesentery of small intestine.
above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the right- ascending colon, lower- sigmoid colon above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the right- descending colon, on the left and bottom - ascending colon
above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the left- descending colon and the mesentery of the sigmoid colon, on the right- mesentery of small intestine
Splenic recessus is formed:
front – gastrosplenic ligament, behind – phrenicosplenic ligament
front – gastroduodenal ligament, behind – phrenicoesophageal ligament
front – gastrosplenic ligament, behind – transverse splenocolic ligament
front – hepatolienale ligament, behind – phrenosplenic ligament
front – gastrophrenic ligament, behind – phrenosplenic ligament
front – gastrophrenic ligament, behind – phrenosplenic ligament
Left lateral canal is limited:
On the right- between lateral wall of the abdominal cavity and the ascending colon
On the left- between omentum bursa and the descending and sigmoid colon
On the left- between the back wall of the abdominal cavity and sigmoid colon
On the left- between lateral wall of the abdominal cavity and the descending colon
On the left- between lateral wall of the abdominal cavity and transverse colon
On the left- between lateral wall of the abdominal cavity and the descending colon
Omental bursa is limited on the back:
parietal peritoneum covering the anterior abdominal wall
visceral peritoneum and lesser omentum
visceral peritoneum and liver, partially diaphragm
parietal peritoneum covering the lateral abdominal wall
parietal peritoneum covering the organs of the retroperitoneal space
parietal peritoneum covering the organs of the retroperitoneal space
Hepatic bursa is limited :
at the top – limited by the diaphragm, on the medial – falciform ligament of the liver, behind – coronary ligament, bottom – transverse colon and its mesentery
at the top – limited by the diaphragm, on the right- round ligament of the liver, behind – coronary ligaments, bottom – greater omentum
at the top – limited by the diaphragm, on the medial – falciform ligament of the liver, the back – crus of the diaphragm, bottom – the jejunum and its mesentery
at the top – limited by the transverse colon and its mesentery, on the medial- mesentery of jejunum, on the back- back wall, bottom – pelvis minor
above- diaphragm, on the medial-phrenicocolic ligament, behind-spleen, below- transverse colon and its mesentery
at the top – limited by the diaphragm, on the medial – falciform ligament of the liver, behind – coronary ligament, bottom – transverse colon and its mesentery
Question: Through what anatomical formation can the posterior wall of the stomach be examined, taking into account topographical features?
Through foramen epiploicum, located at the free right edge of the hepatoduodel ligament, through the bursa omentalis
Through foramen gastro-splenic, the gastrosplenic ligament and the mesentery of the stomach, through the pregastric bursa
Dissecting the avascular zone of the white line, the round ligament and mesentery of the sigmoid colon, through the right mesenteric sinus
Dissecting the avascular zone of the lesser omentum, gastrocolic ligament and mesentery of the caecum, through the hepatic bursa
Dissecting the avascular zone of the greater omentum, the gastrophrenic ligament and the mesentery of the descending colon, through the subhepatica bursa
Through foramen epiploicum, located at the free right edge of the hepatoduodel ligament, through the bursa omentalis
In clinic entered a patient with a knife wound in the right hypochondrium with damage to the liver parenchyma. Given the structure and function of the liver pouch, in which direction can the blood flow?.
The hepatic bursa communicates with the pregastric bursa and the right lateral canal
The hepatic bursa communicates with the bursa omentalis and the left lateral canal
The hepatic bursa communicates with the right mesenteric sinus and the vesico-uterine recess
The hepatic bursa communicates with the retroperitoneal space and the right lateral canal
The hepatic bursa communicates with the left mesenteric sinus and the left lateral canal
The hepatic bursa communicates with the pregastric bursa and the right lateral canal
During the operation of a patient with cholelithiasis, it became necessary to check the common bile duct. Given the topography of the common bile duct, answer the following questions: Question: In the composition of which derivative of the peritoneum is the common bile duct and explain the syntopy:
Composed of the lig. hepatoduodenale, located from right to left common bile duct, portal vein and hepatic artery propria
Composed of the lig. hepatogastricum, located from right to left portal vein, common bile duct and common hepatic artery
Composed of the lig. hepatorenale, located from right to left portal vein, common bile duct and common hepatic artery
Composed of the lig. hepatoduodenale, located from right to left portal vein, common bile duct and hepatic artery propria
Composed of the lig. hepatogastricum, located from right to left hepatic artery propria, portal vein and common bile duct
Composed of the lig. hepatoduodenale, located from right to left common bile duct, portal vein and hepatic artery propria
The upper and lower floors of the abdominal cavity are divided by: lig. gastrocolicum mesentery of small intestine mesentery of sigmoid colon mesentery of colon transversum greater omentum
mesentery of colon transversum
One of the principles of abdominal surgery is to operate on the organ removed from the wound. Determine the organs that can be removed to the laparotomic incision of the anterior abdominal wall without additional mobilization: jejunum and ileum stomach duodenum ascending colon descending colon
jejunum and ileum
Specify which formations are separated by the lig. falciforme of the liver:
prehepatic fissure and prehepatic bursa
subhepatic slit and omentum burs
left and right mesenteric sinus middle and lower floors
right and left subdiaphragmal spaces
right and left subdiaphragmal spaces
Specify which formation is not connect with the right side canal of the abdominal cavity: liver bursa right mesenteric sinus subhepatic space pelvic cavity cavity of omentum bursa
right mesenteric sinus
Specify which formation does not touch to the gallbladder:
head of the pancreas
liver
pyloric part of the stomach
hepatic flexure of the transverse colon spleen
head of the pancreas
Specify the location of the intraabdominal hernia:
in the area of the hepatic flexure of the colon
in the area of the ileocecal angle
in the area of the splenic flexure of the colon
in front of the mesentery of the sigmoid colon
at the root of the mesentery of the ileum
in front of the mesentery of the sigmoid colon
Specify what is the basis for dividing the liver into segments:
formation of bile ducts
branching of the left and right hepatic arteries
formation of hepatic veins
formation of lymphatic vessels
branching of the portal vein
branching of the portal vein
Specify the point of projection of the bottom of the gallbladder on the anterior abdominal wall:
intersection of the right axillary line and the costal arch
intersection of the right midclavicular line with the edge arch
between the right and middle thirds of the horizontal line connecting the lower ends of X ribs intersection of the left axillary line and the costal arch
intersection of the right axillary line and the costal arch
Determine a more frequent variant of the relationship between the end sections of the common bile and pancreatic ducts: both canals open independently both ducts form a common opening both canals open horizontally parallel both ducts form a common ampoule both canals open at a distance 1 cm
both ducts form a common ampoule
Specify the location of the papillae foliatae on tongue:
at the edges of the tongue
From anterior to the sulcus terminalis and foramen caecum at the top of the tongue
on the dorsum of the tongue
all over the surface
at the edges of the tongue
Specify the muscles that pull the tongue forward and down:
m. geniohyoideus
m. hyoglossus
m. styloglossus
m. glossopalatinus
m. palatopharyngeal
m. geniohyoideus
Specify the anatomical formation that is attached to the esophagus in front: trachea aorta thoracic lymphatic duct v. hemiazygos v. azygos
trachea
Specify what are the largest folds in the area of small curvature of the stomach: longitudinal folds oblique folds transverse folds ring-shaped folds arched folds
longitudinal folds
Specify the ligament that originates from the large curvature of the stomach: lig.hepatogastricum
lig. gastrolienale
lig. hepatorenale
lig. phrenicolienale
lig. gastrocolicum
lig.gastrocolicum
Specify the path of pus spreading from the pharyngeal space:
to the posterior mediastinal region
to the anterior mediastinal region
to the fauces region
into the pharyngeal cavity
between the mucous and submucosal membranes of the pharynx
to the posterior mediastinal region
Specify the number of liver lobes: 8 2 4 5 7
2
Specify which groups the tonguage muscles are divided into: proper and skeletal Anterior and posterior upper and lower longitudinal and oblique supra-lingual and post-lingual
proper and skeletal
Specify how the nasal part of the pharynx is separated from the others of its parts during the act of swallowing: palatum molle palatal arches root of the tongue fascia pharyngobasilaris tonsilla palatine
palatum molle
Specify which part of the stomach has the most developed circular layer of muscle: body fundus lesser curvature cardiac part pyloric part
pyloric part
