31-90

Question 1

Name the part of the duodenum into which the common bile and pancreatic ducts open:
pars descendens
pars inferior
pars ascendens
pars superior
m. obliquus internus abdominis and its aponeurosis m. transversus
pars horizontalis

Answer 1

pars descendens

Question 2

Specify the location of the Peyer’s patches: duodenum

stomach jejunum caecum ileum

Answer 2

ileum

Question 3

Specify the occurrence of the descending position of the appendix: 25%
40-45%
13%
17-20% 70%

Answer 3

40-45%

Question 4

Specify which feature allows you to distinguish the transverse colon from the others parts of the colon?
presence epiploic appendices
presence greater omentum
orientation in the transverse direction
intraperitoneal relationship to the peritoneum, presence of mesentery
presence teniae colli

Answer 4

intraperitoneal relationship to the peritoneum, presence of mesentery

Question 5

Specify what functions the intestinal wall mucosa performs:
secretory, covering
hematopoietic, hormonal 
digestive, neutralizing 
secretory, motor 
absorption, secretory

Answer 5

secretory, covering

Question 6

When performing rectoscopy (examination of the rectal mucosa), the proctologist must remember that there are two flexures formed by the rectum in the sagittal plane. Specify these flexures: upper-flexura fornicis, lateral-flexura perinealis
upper-flexura sacralis, lower-flexura perinealis
pelvic-flexura pelvis, lower-flexura perinealis upper-flexura fornicis, middle-flexura medius front-flexura urinaria, lower-flexura rectalis

Answer 6

upper-flexura sacralis, lower-flexura perinealis

Question 7

Holotopy of the liver:
in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium
in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium
in the navel region
in the left hypochondrium
in the right lateral region

Answer 7

in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium

Question 8

Liver lobes that are determined on the visceral surface: 2 lobes-right and left
4 lobes –front,back,right and left
2 lobes-costal and diaphragmatic
4 lobes –quadrate, caudate, right and left
3 lobes-vesicular, anterior and caudate

Answer 8

4 lobes –quadrate, caudate, right and left

Question 9

Liver surfaces: 
medial and lateral
costal and sternum 
parietal and visceral
front and back
diaphragmatic and visceral

Answer 9

diaphragmatic and visceral

Question 10

Specify where the bile duct opens: into the common hepatic duct
into the pancreatic duct
to the common bile duct
into the thoracic duct vater’s papilla

Answer 10

to the common bile duct

Question 11

Specify the structural and functional unit of the liver:
lobules
nephron 
acinus 
sinus 
pyramid

Answer 11

lobules

Question 12

How the peritoneum covers the liver:
mesoperitoneal
the peritoneum does not cover
upper section-intraperitoneal, lower section-extraperitoneal extraperitoneal
intraperitoneal

Answer 12

mesoperitoneal

Question 13

A 72-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency room with complaints of pain in the right hypochondrium, and the doctor found an increase size of the liver by percussion. Specify the lower at the edge of the costal arch on the left
horizontal line at the level of the seventh intercostal space on the right
oblique line from the xiphoid process to the corner of the tenth rib
1 cm above the nave
border of the liver as normal:
along the right midclavicular line at the edge of the costal arch

Answer 13

along the right midclavicular line at the edge of the costal arch

Question 14

Specify which formation passes through the liver lobules:
central vien
branches of the portal vein 
interlobular vein
tributaries of the liver veins 
vena cava inferior

Answer 14

central vien

Question 15

Characteristics of the exocrine part of the pancreas: complex alveolar
simple alveolar
complex tubular
complex alveolar-tubular
simple tubular

Answer 15

complex alveolar-tubular

Question 16

Specify a duct called Wirsung's: 
ductus choledochus
ductus hepatis dexter
ductus pancreaticus
ductus hepaticus communis 
ductus parotideus

Answer 16

ductus pancreaticus

Question 17

How the peritoneum covers the pancreas:
mesoperitoneal
the peritoneum does not cover

upper section-intraperitoneal, lower section-extraperitoneal extraperitoneal
intraperitoneal

Answer 17

mesoperitoneal

Question 18

Specify which organ is located in front of the pancreas:
stomach
liver 
spleen 
jejunum 
gallbladder

Answer 18

stomach

Question 19

A patient was admitted to the surgical department with a gunshot wound to the abdomen, the tail of the pancreas and the organs located behind it were damaged. Specify these bodies.
middle part of the left kidney and left ureter
duodenum
initial section of the jejunum
small curvature and cardiac part of the stomach left adrenal gland and upper part of the left kidney

Answer 19

left adrenal gland and upper part of the left kidney

Question 20

Specify the functions of the pancreas: barrier, digestive
exocrine gland
blood depot and hormonal
absorption and neutralization
endo - and exocrine secretion

Answer 20

endo - and exocrine secretion

Question 21

Specify which formations are located behind the head of the pancreas:
right kidney and right adrenal gland
coronary and falciforme ligaments
abdominal aorta, coeliac trunk
inferior vena cava, initial section of the portal vein portal vein

Answer 21

inferior vena cava, initial section of the portal vein portal vein

Question 22

A 70-year-old patient developed jaundice. During the examination, a pancreatic tumor was found. Specify the location of the tumor:
head of the pancreas
tail of the pancreas
right 1⁄2 part of the pancreas
back surface of the pancreas body anterior surface of the pancreas

Answer 22

head of the pancreas

Question 23

The excretory duct of the parotid gland (ductus parotideus) opens:
in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the first small molar
in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the canine
in the vestibule of the mouth into the mucous membrane of the upper lip
in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the second upper large molar
in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the first lower large molar

Answer 23

in the vestibule of the mouth at the level of the second upper large molar

Question 24

The excretory duct of the submandibular gland (ductus submandibularis) opens:
duct opens a small hole in the caruncula sublingualis, near the frenum of the tongue
duct opens into the vestibulum oris at the level of the first premolar tooth
duct opens a small hole into fungiform papillae, along the edges of tongue
duct opens a large hole on the surface of the mucous membrane along the sublingual fold in the vestibulum oris at the level of upper second molar tooth

Answer 24

duct opens a small hole in the caruncula sublingualis, near the frenum of the tongue

Question 25

The topography of the sublingual salivary glands: located in the retromandibularis fossa, adjacent to the styloid process and starting from it the stylohyoideus muscle located in the carotid triangle, the lateral side of the gland adjacent to the facial artery and vein located in the muscle forming the floor of the mouth and in the thickness of the buccal muscles located above the mylohyoid muscle, directly under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth located in the submandibular triangle, outside of gland covered by superficial lamina of the cervical fascia

Answer 25

located above the mylohyoid muscle, directly under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth

Question 26

Define the peritoneal cavity: the gap between the parietal and visceral peritoneum of the abdominal area bounded by the parietal peritoneum a gap located at the back between the abdominal cavity and the intraperitoneal fascia this is a cavity lined with fascia endoabdominalis the gap between the parietal peritoneum and the intraperitoneal fascia

Answer 26

the gap between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Question 27

The upper and lower floors of the abdominal cavity are divided by: colon transversum, mesocolon transversum curvatura major, lig. gastrocolicum pars horizontalis duodeni, flexura duodenojejunalis greater omentum, lig. gastrocolicum radix mesenterii, mesenterium

Answer 27

colon transversum, mesocolon transversum

Question 28

``` Organs are located mesoperitoneal: colon ascendens et descendens ventriculus, colon ascendens, ceacum hepar, colon descendens, pancreas ventriculus, jejunum, ileum ventriculus, pars horizontalis duodeni ```

Answer 28

colon ascendens et descendens

Question 29

Organs are located retroperitoneal: pancreas, ren, aorta, glandula suprarenalis ventriculus, pars horizontalis duodeni, hepar pancreas, ren, colon ascendens, ceacum ren, aorta, ventriculus, hepar, pancreas glandula suprarenalis, pars horizontalis duodeni, hepar

Answer 29

pancreas, ren, aorta, glandula suprarenalis

Question 30

The structure of the lesser omentum includes the following ligaments: lig. gastroduodenum, lig. hepatoduodenum lig. hepatogastricum, lig.phrenicoesophagealis lig. gastrocolicum, lig. hepatorenalis lig. hepatocolicum, lig. hepatoduodenalis lig. hepatogastricum, lig. hepatoduodenale

Answer 30

lig. hepatogastricum, lig. hepatoduodenale

Question 31

``` The formation that separates the hepatic and pregastric bursa: lig. hepatorenalis omentum majus lig. teres hepatis lig. Falciforme lig. hepatoduodenum ```

Answer 31

lig. Falciforme

Question 32

``` Bursa omentalis is limited at the top : lobus caudatus hepatis lobus quadratus hepatis lobus dexter hepatis porta hepatis lobus inferior hepatis ```

Answer 32

lobus caudatus hepatis

Question 33

``` The right and left mesenteric sinuses are separated from each other: mesocolon transversum plica mesenterica flexura duodenojejunalis radix mesenterii colon transversum ```

Answer 33

radix mesenterii

Question 34

Left mesenteric sinus is formed: above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the left- descending colon and the mesentery of the sigmoid colon, on the right- mesentery of small intestine at the top - duodenum, on the right - appendix, lower left side - descending colon above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the right - ascending colon, to the left and below - mesentery of small intestine. above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the right- ascending colon, lower- sigmoid colon above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the right- descending colon, on the left and bottom - ascending colon

Answer 34

above - mesentery of the transverse colon, on the left- descending colon and the mesentery of the sigmoid colon, on the right- mesentery of small intestine

Question 35

Splenic recessus is formed: front – gastrosplenic ligament, behind – phrenicosplenic ligament front – gastroduodenal ligament, behind – phrenicoesophageal ligament front – gastrosplenic ligament, behind – transverse splenocolic ligament front – hepatolienale ligament, behind – phrenosplenic ligament front – gastrophrenic ligament, behind – phrenosplenic ligament

Answer 35

front – gastrophrenic ligament, behind – phrenosplenic ligament

Question 36

Left lateral canal is limited: On the right- between lateral wall of the abdominal cavity and the ascending colon On the left- between omentum bursa and the descending and sigmoid colon On the left- between the back wall of the abdominal cavity and sigmoid colon On the left- between lateral wall of the abdominal cavity and the descending colon On the left- between lateral wall of the abdominal cavity and transverse colon

Answer 36

On the left- between lateral wall of the abdominal cavity and the descending colon

Question 37

Omental bursa is limited on the back: parietal peritoneum covering the anterior abdominal wall visceral peritoneum and lesser omentum visceral peritoneum and liver, partially diaphragm parietal peritoneum covering the lateral abdominal wall parietal peritoneum covering the organs of the retroperitoneal space

Answer 37

parietal peritoneum covering the organs of the retroperitoneal space

Question 38

Hepatic bursa is limited : at the top – limited by the diaphragm, on the medial – falciform ligament of the liver, behind – coronary ligament, bottom – transverse colon and its mesentery at the top – limited by the diaphragm, on the right- round ligament of the liver, behind – coronary ligaments, bottom – greater omentum at the top – limited by the diaphragm, on the medial – falciform ligament of the liver, the back – crus of the diaphragm, bottom – the jejunum and its mesentery at the top – limited by the transverse colon and its mesentery, on the medial- mesentery of jejunum, on the back- back wall, bottom – pelvis minor above- diaphragm, on the medial-phrenicocolic ligament, behind-spleen, below- transverse colon and its mesentery

Answer 38

at the top – limited by the diaphragm, on the medial – falciform ligament of the liver, behind – coronary ligament, bottom – transverse colon and its mesentery

Question 39

Question: Through what anatomical formation can the posterior wall of the stomach be examined, taking into account topographical features? Through foramen epiploicum, located at the free right edge of the hepatoduodel ligament, through the bursa omentalis Through foramen gastro-splenic, the gastrosplenic ligament and the mesentery of the stomach, through the pregastric bursa Dissecting the avascular zone of the white line, the round ligament and mesentery of the sigmoid colon, through the right mesenteric sinus Dissecting the avascular zone of the lesser omentum, gastrocolic ligament and mesentery of the caecum, through the hepatic bursa Dissecting the avascular zone of the greater omentum, the gastrophrenic ligament and the mesentery of the descending colon, through the subhepatica bursa

Answer 39

Through foramen epiploicum, located at the free right edge of the hepatoduodel ligament, through the bursa omentalis

Question 40

In clinic entered a patient with a knife wound in the right hypochondrium with damage to the liver parenchyma. Given the structure and function of the liver pouch, in which direction can the blood flow?. The hepatic bursa communicates with the pregastric bursa and the right lateral canal The hepatic bursa communicates with the bursa omentalis and the left lateral canal The hepatic bursa communicates with the right mesenteric sinus and the vesico-uterine recess The hepatic bursa communicates with the retroperitoneal space and the right lateral canal The hepatic bursa communicates with the left mesenteric sinus and the left lateral canal

Answer 40

The hepatic bursa communicates with the pregastric bursa and the right lateral canal

Question 41

During the operation of a patient with cholelithiasis, it became necessary to check the common bile duct. Given the topography of the common bile duct, answer the following questions: Question: In the composition of which derivative of the peritoneum is the common bile duct and explain the syntopy: Composed of the lig. hepatoduodenale, located from right to left common bile duct, portal vein and hepatic artery propria Composed of the lig. hepatogastricum, located from right to left portal vein, common bile duct and common hepatic artery Composed of the lig. hepatorenale, located from right to left portal vein, common bile duct and common hepatic artery Composed of the lig. hepatoduodenale, located from right to left portal vein, common bile duct and hepatic artery propria Composed of the lig. hepatogastricum, located from right to left hepatic artery propria, portal vein and common bile duct

Answer 41

Composed of the lig. hepatoduodenale, located from right to left common bile duct, portal vein and hepatic artery propria

Question 42

``` The upper and lower floors of the abdominal cavity are divided by: lig. gastrocolicum mesentery of small intestine mesentery of sigmoid colon mesentery of colon transversum greater omentum ```

Answer 42

mesentery of colon transversum

Question 43

``` One of the principles of abdominal surgery is to operate on the organ removed from the wound. Determine the organs that can be removed to the laparotomic incision of the anterior abdominal wall without additional mobilization: jejunum and ileum stomach duodenum ascending colon descending colon ```

Answer 43

jejunum and ileum

Question 44

Specify which formations are separated by the lig. falciforme of the liver: prehepatic fissure and prehepatic bursa subhepatic slit and omentum burs left and right mesenteric sinus middle and lower floors right and left subdiaphragmal spaces

Answer 44

right and left subdiaphragmal spaces

Question 45

``` Specify which formation is not connect with the right side canal of the abdominal cavity: liver bursa right mesenteric sinus subhepatic space pelvic cavity cavity of omentum bursa ```

Answer 45

right mesenteric sinus

Question 46

Specify which formation does not touch to the gallbladder: head of the pancreas liver pyloric part of the stomach hepatic flexure of the transverse colon spleen

Answer 46

head of the pancreas

Question 47

Specify the location of the intraabdominal hernia: in the area of the hepatic flexure of the colon in the area of the ileocecal angle in the area of the splenic flexure of the colon in front of the mesentery of the sigmoid colon at the root of the mesentery of the ileum

Answer 47

in front of the mesentery of the sigmoid colon

Question 48

Specify what is the basis for dividing the liver into segments: formation of bile ducts branching of the left and right hepatic arteries formation of hepatic veins formation of lymphatic vessels branching of the portal vein

Answer 48

branching of the portal vein

Question 49

Specify the point of projection of the bottom of the gallbladder on the anterior abdominal wall: intersection of the right axillary line and the costal arch intersection of the right midclavicular line with the edge arch between the right and middle thirds of the horizontal line connecting the lower ends of X ribs intersection of the left axillary line and the costal arch

Answer 49

intersection of the right axillary line and the costal arch

Question 50

``` Determine a more frequent variant of the relationship between the end sections of the common bile and pancreatic ducts: both canals open independently both ducts form a common opening both canals open horizontally parallel both ducts form a common ampoule both canals open at a distance 1 cm ```

Answer 50

both ducts form a common ampoule

Question 51

Specify the location of the papillae foliatae on tongue: at the edges of the tongue From anterior to the sulcus terminalis and foramen caecum at the top of the tongue on the dorsum of the tongue all over the surface

Answer 51

at the edges of the tongue

Question 52

Specify the muscles that pull the tongue forward and down: m. geniohyoideus m. hyoglossus m. styloglossus m. glossopalatinus m. palatopharyngeal

Answer 52

m. geniohyoideus

Question 53

``` Specify the anatomical formation that is attached to the esophagus in front: trachea aorta thoracic lymphatic duct v. hemiazygos v. azygos ```

Answer 53

trachea

Question 54

``` Specify what are the largest folds in the area of small curvature of the stomach: longitudinal folds oblique folds transverse folds ring-shaped folds arched folds ```

Answer 54

longitudinal folds

Question 55

Specify the ligament that originates from the large curvature of the stomach: lig.hepatogastricum lig. gastrolienale lig. hepatorenale lig. phrenicolienale lig. gastrocolicum

Answer 55

lig.gastrocolicum

Question 56

Specify the path of pus spreading from the pharyngeal space: to the posterior mediastinal region to the anterior mediastinal region to the fauces region into the pharyngeal cavity between the mucous and submucosal membranes of the pharynx

Answer 56

to the posterior mediastinal region

Question 57

``` Specify the number of liver lobes: 8 2 4 5 7 ```

Answer 57

2

Question 58

``` Specify which groups the tonguage muscles are divided into: proper and skeletal Anterior and posterior upper and lower longitudinal and oblique supra-lingual and post-lingual ```

Answer 58

proper and skeletal

Question 59

``` Specify how the nasal part of the pharynx is separated from the others of its parts during the act of swallowing: palatum molle palatal arches root of the tongue fascia pharyngobasilaris tonsilla palatine ```

Answer 59

palatum molle

Question 60

``` Specify which part of the stomach has the most developed circular layer of muscle: body fundus lesser curvature cardiac part pyloric part ```

Answer 60

pyloric part