9.01 Motivation Flashcards
the process by which activities are started, directed and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met
motivation
motivation that comes from the outside
extrinsic motivation
motivation that comes from within
intrinsic motivation
_____ motivation decreases creativity in artwork
extrinsic
a specific need or desire that prompts goal-directed behavior
motive
times in our life when everything is going right and we’re feeling great, like we’re where we are supposed to be, doing what we’re supposed to be doing
peak experiences
human behavior is motivated by inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behaviors that are characteristic of an entire species
instinct theory
there are a variety of social needs that motivate modern human behavior
need-based theories
humans are motivated to maintain a sense of physical and emotional well being or balance (homeostasis)
drive reduction theory
early attempts to understand motivation focused on biological and _____ patters
innate
innate patterns
instincts
a requirement of some material that is essential to the survival of an organism
need
the tension and arousal that motivate an organism to act in order to fulfill a need
drive
suggests there are too kinds of drives; primary drives and secondary drives
drive-reduction theory
drives that involve survival needs of the body
primary drives
drives learned through experience or conditioning. They include money, social approval, or even the need of a former smoker to have an object in her/his mouth
secondary drives
body’s tendency to maintain a steady state
homeostasis
need to be liked by others and to be held in high regard; makes people good team players
need for affiliation
need to have control over other people, to have influence, status and prestige; makes people see status symbols as achievements
need for power
need to reach challenging goals and receive feedback; makes people do well in school or work
need for achievement
a person who assumes that she has control over what happens in her life
internal locus of control
a person who assumes that her life is controlled by luck, fate, or others
external locus of control
suggests that people have some optimal level of tension
arousal theory
people who need more arousal and a need for more complex and varied sensory experiences than others
sensation seekers
things that attract or lure people into action
incentives
need to be able to master challenges
competence
need to be in control of one’s own behavior and goals
autonomy
need to feel a sense of belonging, intimacy, and security in relationships
relatedness
