8.01 Studying Human Development

Question 1

human development

Answer 1

the scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age, from conception until death

Question 2

A unique challenge arises in research on human development. Participants should be randomly assigned to different experimental conditions, but one cannot ______ assign participants to different age groups

Answer 2

randomly

Question 3

a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional designs

Answer 3

cross-sequential design

Question 4

several different age groups are studied at one time

Answer 4

cross-sectional design

Question 5

participants are followed and assessed at various times as they age

Answer 5

longitudinal design

Question 6

The longitudinal design determines age-related _______. It has the advantage of looking at real age related changes as they occur in the same group of individuals. On the other hand, these types of studies are expensive and time consuming. It can also be difficult to maintain relationships with the participants.

Answer 6

changes

Question 7

refers to the impact of a particular shared experience on a group of people.

Answer 7

cohort effect

Question 8

refers to the influence of the environment on a person’s personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions. Among other things, it can include parenting style, physical surroundings, and socioeconomic status.

Answer 8

nurture

Question 9

refers to the influence of inherited characteristics on a person’s personality, physical growth, intellectual growth and social interactions

Answer 9

nature

Question 10

the field that investigates the origins of behavior, and tries to determine how much is the result of genetic inheritance, and how much is due to experience

Answer 10

behavioral genetics

Question 11

commonly used research methods in behavioral genetics

Answer 11

family, twin and adoption studies

Question 12

what study: researchers generally look at several families and study the appearance of a behavioral trait. It more genetically similar relatives all share the trait, then that suggests that the trait is influenced by genes

Answer 12

family study

Question 13

what study: researchers look at the appearance of a behavioral trait in the biological and adoptive parents of an adopted child. A higher correlation between the adopted child and the biological parents suggests a greater genetic contribution than environmental contribution.

Answer 13

adoption study

Question 14

twins that share half their genes; they are no more genetically related than any two siblings

Answer 14

fraternal or dizygotic twins

Question 15

twins that share 100% of their genes

Answer 15

identical or monozygotic twins

Question 16

the percentage of twins in a study who share a particular behavioral trait

Answer 16

concordance rate