6.02 Classical Conditioning

Question 1

What did Pavlov study?

Answer 1

studies the workings of the body

Question 2

How did pavlov discover classical conditioning?

Answer 2

through his work on digestion in dogs

Question 3

Classical conditioning

Answer 3

learning to make a reflex respond to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex

Question 4

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Answer 4

a naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response

Question 5

unconditioned response (UCR)

Answer 5

an involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

conditioned stimulus

Answer 6

stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

neutral stimulus

Answer 7

becomes a conditioned stimulus when paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 8

conditioned response

Answer 8

the learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus

Question 9

aquisition

Answer 9

repeated pairing of the NS and the UCS; the organism is in the process of learning

Question 10

principles of acquisition

Answer 10

1) CS must precede UCS
2) CS and UCS must come very close together in time
3) NS must be paired with the UCS several times, often many times, before conditioning can take place

Question 11

stimulus generalization

Answer 11

tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response

Question 12

stimulus discrimination

Answer 12

tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus (undoing)

Question 13

extinction

Answer 13

disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

spontaneous recovery

Answer 14

reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred

Question 15

why does spontaneous recovery happen?

Answer 15

takes place because learning is relatively permanent change in behavior

Question 16

Higher-order conditioning

Answer 16

occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioned stimulus

Question 17

applications of classical conditioning

Answer 17

1) conditioned emotional response
2) conditioned taste aversion
3) biological preparedness
4) vicarious conditioning

Question 18

conditioned emotional response

Answer 18

an emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur in response to a learned stimuli; may lead to phobias

Question 19

Who studied conditional emotional response?

Answer 19

John Watson

Question 20

Phobias

Answer 20

irrational fear responses

Question 21

biological preparedness

Answer 21

tendency to learn certain associations with only one or a few pairings due to the survival value of the learning

Question 22

example of biological preparedness

Answer 22

conditioned taste aversion

Question 23

conditioned taste aversion

Answer 23

development of nausea or aversive response to a particular taste because that taste was followed by a nausea reaction

Question 24

who studied conditioned taste aversion and how?

Answer 24

John Garcia in rats who were exposed to radiation

Question 25

vicarious conditioning or observational learning

Answer 25

classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person