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PHYT 5115 - Intro to MSK > 9 - Therapeutic Exercise Part 2 > Flashcards

9 - Therapeutic Exercise Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is strength?

A

The amount of tension/force a muscle can develop

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2
Q

What is power?

A

the max force and velocity (work/time) So, force x distance divided by time

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3
Q

What is endurance

A

ability to generate force repeatedly over time

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4
Q

What is intensity?

A

load prescribed for the muscle

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5
Q

What is volume?

A

total number of reps

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6
Q

What is frequency?

A

total number of sessions per time unit

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7
Q

What is duration?

A

the time period

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8
Q

What is a rest interval?

A

The time between sets and reps (time used to clear metabolites in the system)

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9
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

No change in length, loose packed positions, less tension placed on the tissues surrounding the joint.
Used early in the healing process

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10
Q

What is an isotonic contraction? And what are the two types?

A

Same resistance/force throughout
Concentric - muscle shortening
Eccentric - muscle lengthening

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11
Q

What is a isokinetic contraction?

A

Same velocity throughout

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12
Q

What is an open kinetic chain exercise?

A

The distal end is free to move around (ex. seated knee extension)

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13
Q

What is a closed kinetic chain exercise?

A

The distal end is fixed to a surface and the proximal end moves (ex. squat)

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14
Q

What is a plyometric exercise?

A

Used to improve power

Jump higher, ballistic movements, increase speed and faster contractions

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15
Q

What is the overload principle?

A

Progressively loading muscle by manipulating intensity and time

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16
Q

What is the Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand (SAID) principle?

A

To improve a specific muscle performance element, the resistance program should be matched to the element
Wolff’s law - body systems adapt over time to the stresses placed on them

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17
Q

What is the principle of reversibility?

A

Training effects will exist as long as you continue to train (use it or lose it)
Gains in strength and endurance are incorporated into daily activities as early as possible

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18
Q

What motor unit type is recruited first?

A

Slow twitch

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19
Q

What is the order of motor unit recruitment?

A

Slow, fast fatigue resistant, then fast fatiguable
OR
Slow oxidative, fast oxidative glycolytic, then fast glycolytic

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20
Q

Which has a higher innervation ratio, slow oxidative or fast glycolytic?

A

Fast glycolytic

21
Q

Which type of fibers will fatigue last

A

Slow twitch

22
Q

How long does it take to see muscle hypertrophy?

A

8-12 weeks

23
Q

How early from the start can you see strength improvements?

A

2 weeks

24
Q

How do you get increased strength?

A

Increased motor unit recruitment
Increased firing rate
Improved synchronization of motor unit firing
Improved coordination of primary movers
Improved inhibition of antagonists (reduced co-contraction)
Improved descending drive (motivation)

25
Q

What is balance?

A

When someone can keep their CoM within their BoS

26
Q

What is coordination?

A

When someone can move more efficiently

27
Q

What is agility?

A

When someone can move more quickly, change their direction

28
Q

What is function?

A

An activity, it is person dependant

29
Q

What is capacity?

A

What the person can do in a controlled environment

30
Q

What is performance?

A

Activity and participation, what a person can do in their usual environment

31
Q

True or false: patient identified problems and mainly activity and participation limitations?

A

True

32
Q

True or false: non-patient identified problems are things the clinician will find, like weak glutes.

A

True

33
Q

What are things to keep in mind about isometric strengthening?

A

Joint angle and muscle length do not change
May be less stressful as a pain free range can be used
Increased BP more an isotonic exercises
Strength gains are restricted to the small range where exercise is performed

34
Q

What are things to keep in mind about concentric strengthening?

A

Muscle/tendon unit shortens

Progress these types of exercises by increasing the load and/or number of reps

35
Q

What are some things to keep in mind about eccentric strengthening?

A

Muscle/tendon unit lengthens

Progress these types of exercises by increasing the load and possibly speed of contraction

36
Q

What are some types of resistance?

A 
Elastic bands/tubing
Free weights
Pulleys
Machines
Body Weight
Manual resistance (by PT)
37
Q

What types of muscles need high endurance?

A

Postural muscles, joint stabilizing muscles and prime movers

38
Q

What is core stability

A

The ability of the body to control the trunk/core by using the right muscles at the right time and at the right intensity to provide adequate control required for the task

39
Q

True or false: stability before mobility?

A

True

40
Q

True or false: strengthen the limbs before the core?

A

False, spine and core first before girdles and limbs

41
Q

How many stages of motor learning are there?

A

Three

42
Q

What is stage one of motor learning?

A

Cognitive: High level of concentration with minimal distractions

43
Q

What is stage two of motor learning?

A

Associative: Able to perform the activity simultaneously with other functions but still require a conscious effort

44
Q

What is stage 3 of motor learning?

A

Autonomous: Automatic with minimal to no conscious effort

45
Q

How do you increase the challenge of an exercise/task?

A

Unstable surfaces
Decreased weight bearing surfaces (2 legs to one leg)
Reduced base of support (side to side versus tandem stance)

46
Q

What do we as therapists look for with motor patterning?

A

We recognize the poor movement pattern and determine why it occurs (tight tissues, weak tissues, or bad habits)

47
Q

What occurs in phase one of patient rehab?

A 
Patient education
Protect the injured tissue
Prevent adverse effects of immobility
PROM and Isometric of injured area
AROM and Resisted and functional exercises of areas above and below
48
Q

What occurs in phase two of patient rehab?

A

Patient education
Manage pain and inflammation
Initiate active exercises
(multiple angle, sub max isometric, AAROM and AROM, muscle endurance, protected weight bearing)
Initiate progression of stretching (warm tissue, muscle relaxation techniques, progress manual therapy)

49
Q

What occurs in phase three of patient rehab?

A

Patient education
Progress stretching (intensity and duration)
Progress muscle performance (isolate muscles as needed, go from simple to complex patterns, simulate specific demands of activities, trunk/core stability and balance)
Return to high demand activities (exercise drills that simulate work or sport, increase reps and speed, introduce surprise and uncontrolled events)

PHYT 5115 - Intro to MSK (11 decks)

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