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PHYT 5115 - Intro to MSK > 8 - Intro to Shoulder Complex > Flashcards

8 - Intro to Shoulder Complex Flashcards

1
Q

What joints make up the shoulder complex?

A

Glenohumeral Joint
Acromioclavicular Joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Sapulothoracic complex

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2
Q

True or false the GH joint is designed for mobility over stability?

A

True

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3
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the GH joint have?

A

3

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4
Q

What type of joint is it?

A

Synovial and Unmodified ovoid

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5
Q

What fraction of the humeral head articulates with the glenoid fossa?

A

1/3

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6
Q

What deepens the glenoid fossa?

A

The glenoid labrum

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7
Q

What action gets pure spin at the GH joint?

A

Flexion/extension

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8
Q

What action would give you superior roll plus inferior glide at the GH joint?

A

Abduction

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9
Q

What action would give you inferior roll plus superior glide at the GH joint?

A

Adduction

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10
Q

What action would give you anterior roll plus posterior glide?

A

Medial/Internal Rotation

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11
Q

What action would give you posterior roll plus anterior glide at the GH joint

A

Lateral/External Rotation

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12
Q

In what order would you start to lose the following movements. Internal rotation, external rotation and abduction

A

ER then abduction then IR

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13
Q

What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?

A

To limit ER below 60 degees abduction
Works with the superior glenohumeral ligament
Provides restraint for flex/ext
Is a tunnel for the biceps

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14
Q

What is the function of the superior glenohumeral ligament?

A

Limits inferior translation in the adducted arm
Limits ER from 0-45 degrees abduction
Put on stretch with biceps during throwing

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15
Q

What is the function of the middle glenohumeral ligament?

A

Anterior stability at 45 degrees abduction
Anterior stability at 90 degrees abduction
Inferior stability in adduction and ER

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16
Q

What is the function of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?

A

Primary restraint to all movements anterior, posterior and inferior with the arm abducted beyond 45 degrees

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17
Q

How does the supraspinatus contribute to dynamic stability?

A

It facilitates GH compression maximally between 45 and 90 degrees and is gone at 150 degrees

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18
Q

How do infraspinatus and teres minor contribute to dynamic stability?

A

They are humeral head depressors. They allow supraspinatus to compress and prevent subacromial compression
They are also external/lateral rotators and eccentrically decelerate internal/medial rotation

19
Q

How does subscapularis contribute to dynamic stability?

A

It is active in all movements of the humerus that require compression and depression
Acts eccentrically to decelerate external rotation

20
Q

How does the long head of biceps contribue to GH joint dynamic stability?

A

It increases GH compression with supraspinatus
Applies longitudinal compressive force during deceleration activities
It increases anterior stability in abduction/external rotation by resisting translational stress

21
Q

What is the primary force couple of scapular lateral rotation?

A

Upper fibers of traps and seratus anterior

22
Q

How does the UFT and serratus anterior force couple work?

A

UFT pull the spine of the scapula up and serratus anterior pulls the medial border and inferior angle laterally
This is all in the initial stages of shoulder flexion (0-90 degrees)

23
Q

What muscle helps with lateral rotation of the scapula after 90 degrees of shoulder flexion?

A

The lower fibers of traps

24
Q

In terms of location of pain where is it typically felt when there is a shoulder dysfunction?

A

On the lateral aspect of the upper arm (common around the deltoid insertion)

25
Q

Where would acromioclavicular pain be felt?

A

On the anterior aspect of the upper arm

26
Q

Where is C-spine pain typically felt?

A

neck, upper shoulder and scapula

27
Q

What does the ending “itis” mean?

A

Inflammation

28
Q

What does the ending “opathy” mean?

A

any pathology

29
Q

What does the ending “osis” mean?

A

degenerative over time

30
Q

True or false: acromioclavicular pain is evident above 90 degrees abduction?

A

True

31
Q

In what age range are you most likely to see frozen shoulder/ adhesive capsulitis?

A

45-60

32
Q

In what age population are you most likely to see rotator cuff degeneration?

A

40-60

33
Q

In what age are you most likely to see or suspect a chondrosarcoma

A

30+

34
Q

In what age range are you likely to see or suspect calcium deposition?

A

20-40

35
Q

In what population are you likely to suspect GH instability?

A

15-20

36
Q

If someone gets relief with placing their hands on their head what type of pain might it indicate?

A

Nerve root pain

37
Q

If someone’s arm is fixed in a forward flexion and slight abduction position what might you suspect?

A

Anterior GH dislocation

38
Q

If someone’s arm is fixed in an internal rotation and abduction position what might you suspect?

A

Posterior GH dislocation

39
Q

What are some indicators od nerve injury?

A

History of weakness, numbness or paresthesia

Positive test findings when testing the muscle supplied by the nerve

40
Q

What organs can refer pain to the shoulder/upper arm area?

A

Liver
Gallbladder (inferior angle on R side)
Heart (left anterior upper arm)
Diaphragm (upper traps, referral to C3-4 dermatome)

41
Q

What could be some sources of static scapula winging?

A

Weak muscles (LFT) or having another muscle be tight (peck minor)
Paralyzed SA
Damage to Long Thoracic Nerve
Instability of medial border to remain against chest wall

42
Q

What is a sulcus sign?

A

A divit or sulcus in the shoulder which could indicate an anterior or inferior dislocation or just having general laxity at the shoulder

43
Q

What does a step deformity indicate?

A

AC sprain

The traps pull up and the weight of the arm pulls downward giving a step down look

44
Q

What is the painful arc of shoulder movement?

A

Occurs between 60-120 degrees when the bursa gets impinged under the aromian

PHYT 5115 - Intro to MSK (11 decks)

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