9 The States of Matter

Question 1

kinetic energy

Answer 1

The energy an object holds due to motion

Question 2

kinetic theory

Answer 2

states that tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion

Question 3

Kinetic theory in gas

Answer 3

First, all gases are made of molecules, second they move rapidly in constant random motion, and third the collisions of molecules transfer kinetic energy but the total energy remains the same. (perfect elasticity)

Question 4

gas pressure

Answer 4

is a result of the gas particles colliding (this creates force)

Question 5

vacuum

Answer 5

When no gas particles are present, this empty space is the result. It has no pressure.

Question 6

atmospheric pressure

Answer 6

results from the collisions of air molecules with objects

Question 7

barometer

Answer 7

used to measure this pressure, the units are pascals (Pa)

Question 8

standard atmosphere (1 atm)

Answer 8

the pressure needed to support 760 mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25^C
It is also 101.3 kPa and 0^C, as standard conditions.

Question 9

Kelvin temperature

Answer 9

is used in definitions of average kinetic energy in gases, The temperature of absolute zero (no particle motion) is 0^K, which would be -273^C, Kelvin leaves no need for negative integers.

Question 10

plasma

Answer 10

When a gas is super-heated, particles will move so fast that molecules can split into atoms. Plasma is the gaseous mixture of electrons and positive ions. We typically see plasmas that are weakly ionized (considered “cold” plasmas) such as neon signs, lightning bolts, and flames