9. Peritoneal Cavity and Mesenteries Flashcards

1
Q

Which embryological structure gives rise to the greater omentum?

A

The dorsal mesogastrium.

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2
Q

What arteries run within the greater omentum?

A

The posterior gastric arteries.

The short gastric arteries.

The left gastric omental artery.

The right gastric omental artery.

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3
Q

What is the lowest place in the abdominal cavity for fluid to collect?

A

In males, it is the rectovesicular space.

In females it is the rectouterine space.

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4
Q

From which mesentery do the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments arise?

A

The ventral mesentery.

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5
Q

What arteries run within the hepatogastric ligament?

A

The right and left gastric arteries.

(Recall that the right gastric artery also runs within the hepatoduodenal ligament.)

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6
Q

Which ligament does the splenic artery run in?

A

The splenorenal ligament.

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7
Q

From which mesentery does the falciform ligament arise?

A

The ventral mesentery.

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8
Q

What ligaments make up the greater omentum?

A

The gastrosplenic ligament.

The gastrocolic ligament.

The gastrophrenic ligament.

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9
Q

What arteries run within the gastrosplenic ligament?

A

The short gastric arteries.

Part of the left gastric omental artery.

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10
Q

Where is the lesser omentum found?

A

In between the stomach and the liver.

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11
Q

What are the borders of the lesser sac?

A

Anterior: lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament / hepatogastric ligament), stomach, gastrocolic ligament.

Posterior: pancreas, left kidney and suprarenal gland, aorta, inferior vena cava, splenic artery and vein.

Superior: diaphragm and liver.

Inferior: transverse mesocolon and 1st part of the duodenum.

Left: hilum of the spleen and gastrosplenic ligament.

Right: epiploic (omental) foramen.

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12
Q

What arteries are contained within the mesentery proper?

A

The jejunal and illeal arteries.

The superior mesenteric artery.

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13
Q

Where are the superior mesenteric vein and artery in relation to the pancreas?

A

Behind the head, and tucking through the hook of the uncinate process.

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14
Q

The splenorenal ligament and the gastrosplenic ligament are a part of which mesentery?

A

The dorsal mesentery.

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15
Q

What arteries run within the gastrophrenic ligament?

A

The posterior gastric arteries.

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16
Q

What are the primary retroperitoneal structures?

A

The kidneys.

The ureters.

The aorta / IVC.

17
Q

Through which mesentery does the sigmoid artery run?

A

The sigmoid mesocolon

18
Q

At what vertebral levels do we find the pancreas?

A

The head is at L2, and the tail ascends to about L1.

19
Q

What separates the right and left subphrenic spaces?

A

The falciform ligament.

20
Q

What are all of the retroperitoneal structures?

A

Suprarenal glands, Aorta / IVC, Duodenum (second through fourth parts), Pancreas (except the tail), Ureters, Colon (ascending and descending), Kidneys, Esophagus, Rectum.

SADPUCKER

21
Q

What is the orientation of the three vessels of the portal triad?

A

Hepatic portal vein – posterior.

Common bile duct – anterior and lateral.

Proper hepatic artery – anterior and medial.

22
Q

What arteries run within the gastrocolic ligament?

A

The right and left gastric omental arteries.

23
Q

Through which mesentery does the iliocolic artery run?

A

The root of the mesentery proper

24
Q

What are the secondary retroperitoneal structures?

A

Duodenum (2nd - 4th parts).

Pancreas (the tail).

Ascending/Descending colon.

25
Q

What arteries run within the lesser omentum?

A

The proper hepatic artery.

The cystic artery.

The right gastric artery.

The left gastric artery.

26
Q

What two ligaments make up the lesser omentum?

A

The hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments.

27
Q

Which arteries run within the transverse mesocolon?

A

The middle colic artery.

The marginal artery (of Drummond)

28
Q

Where do we find the phrenicocolic ligament?

A

Attaching the splenic flexure of the transverse colon to the diaphragm.

29
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to?

Is this pain more localized or generalized?

A

The visceral peritoneum is sensitive to stretch, chemical irritation, and ischemia.

This pain is more generalized, and less precise.

30
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to?

Is this pain localized or generalized?

A

Pressure, pain, and temperature.

The pain is localized, and usually more precise.

31
Q

What options does fluid exiting the lesser sac have in terms of cavities it can travel through?

A

Superiorly, the right subphrenic space.

Inferiorly, the right paracolic gutter.

32
Q

What arteries lie within the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

The proper hepatic artery and its two branches: the cystic artery, and the right gastric artery.

33
Q

What are the four boundaries to the epiploic (omental) foramen?

A

Superior: caudate lobe of the liver.

Anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament and the portal triad.

Posterior: inferior vena cava and of the right crus of the diaphragm.

Inferior: 1st part of the duodenum.